Because of their striking appearance, and the resulting ability to attract paying Az Ankole-Watusi marha trtnete a 20. szzad elejn kezddik, amikor Afrikbl Nmetorszgba szlltottak nhny Ankole-zebut az llatkertek szmra. It derives from the Ankole group of Sanga cattle breeds of east and central Africa. The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing 900 - 1200 pounds and bulls weighing 1000 - 1600 pounds. They supplied milk to This has been an important part of the Registry's program to encourage animal scientists to take this unusual breed seriously, instead of treating it as a curiosity. Ankole Watusi. adElemSticky.style.height = rect.height + 'px';
cows in their herds to boost the butter-fat levels. El celo de las hembras puede durar hasta un mes y la gestacin se prolonga durante nueve meses. } . In Uganda, the Nkole tribe's Sanga variety is known as the Ankole. Az Amerikai Egyeslt llamokba az 1960-as vekben kerltek. It is characterized by very large horns. Horns are long and symmetrical, with a base large and proportional to horn length. The cattle are treated as sacred to the significance they play in the families of the cattle keepers because most people wholly depend on the cattle to care for their families. Some were imported to the United States, and in 1960 a herd was started in New York State by cross-breeding some of them with an unrelated Canadian bull. And the herd members sleep together at night with the calves in the center of the group for protection. On top of that, owning a Watusi cow is pretty much a statement of your wealth at the time, so getting rid of it would make you seem poor by comparison. Ramaphosa owns the Ntaba Nyoni herd, one of very few in the country. The calf was allowed to suckle briefly The newborn calves only really get to weigh around 30 to 50lbs though, which is around 14 to 23kg in total. This is majorly reared in Burundi near the Lake Tanganyika. Ankole is now registered as a breed and is administered by the Afrikaner Cattle Breeders Society of South Africa. Silhouettes of cattle. Seldom slaughtered for meat, except in ceremonies such as the coming of adulthood, the cows are frequently milked and bled to make a yogurt like high protein drink. These members shared a strong commitment to the breed, though they had This breed can be traced back to the hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians and has formed part of the longhorn cattle tribes for more than 6 000 years. Ankole cattle are part of the larger beef production industry of South Africa. These studies will continue, because the AWIR has the establishment of utility value as a high priority. Downloaded 10 October 2018. Genotypes follow the international nomenclature standard for cattle. Ankoles are able to utilize poor quality forage and limited quantities of food and water. Overall wealth was actually measured by the number of live animals in their possession. C., Bareeba, F.B., Mukasa-Mugerwa, E. & Ebong, C., 2003. He learnt the journalism trade as a freelance writer and photographer in the lifestyle industry, but having decided that he will be a cattle farmer by the age of 45 he now indulges his passion for farming by writing about agriculture. It is characterized by very large horns. Famine and disease, as well as the conflict with traditional practices, have slowed The cattle are a source of income to the farmers. This mod REQUIRES ACSE to be installed. was repeated in the morning. The Rwanda common strain of watusi is called inkuku. Milk production was not high, with a typical cow producing only two pints of milk daily, although an exceptional one could manage up to eight pints. . The menu has enough options for a variety of preferences, and each dish was excellently prepared and presented. They are easily characterized for their very large distinctive horns. The cattle are used for strengthening social relationships. In January, 1983, North Americans interested in the Ankole-Watusi cattle breed met in Denver, Colorado, and formed the Ankole Watusi International Registry. Captive/ Wild Lifespan: up to 20 years. In Ankole, cows are considered the best gift that one can give to someone else. reaches of Africa. Vol. Horns are very long and massive (the longest Ankole horns). These beautifully colored individuals made a strong Watusi statement. TheAnkole-Watusi, also known asAnkole Longhorn,is alandrace breedofcattleoriginally native toAfrica. addition, the lactation period was short. The drinks were great, too! (409) 381-0616. Newborn calves weigh 30 - 50 pounds. The horns of the adults serve as formidable weapons against any intruders. SA deputy president and Ankole stud breeder, Cyril Ramaphosa, farm manager and animal scientist Kobus Rall, and embryologist Morn de la Rey spoke to Gerhard Uys. II, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991. The milk is about 10 percent fat. Thank you to Leaf for new species coding. 1 (33%) Texas Longhorn. (vitag.Init = window.vitag.Init || []).push(function () { viAPItag.display("vi_1472596215") }),
was counted in live animals. This minimal nourishment of calves resulted in high death Comments, suggestions, Welcome to the Breeds of Livestock website presented by the Department of. How do I use mods? Watusi cattle, also known as Ankole or Ankole-Watusi cattle in other areas, are a breed of cattle originally native to Africa. Woburn Safari Park Ankole Cattle Species Profilehttps://www.woburnsafari.co.uk/discover/meet-the-animals/mammals/ankole-cattle/ The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing 9501,200 pounds (430540 kg) and bulls weighing 1,2001,600 pounds (540730 kg). The cattle is reared for both milk and meat purposes although the skin can also be used for making cultural regalia like drums, stools, sandals and clothing. This is the main breed that is reared in Uganda and it is reared mainly for wealth creation purposes, by products like milk and ghee, meat and to pay dowry for the girls that are brought by the sons for marriage. The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing 9501,200lb (430540kg) and bulls weighing 1,2001,600lb (540730kg). [2]:110, The Ankole-Watusi may be a number of different colors, but is usually red. may be solid or spotted in color. adElem.style.width = (rect.width) + 'px'; They are also considered to be a yardstick for warriors and wee also considered as a beautiful divine incarnation. . They are excellent grazers and are able to use poor-quality forage and limited quantities of feed and water. These animals go as far back as 6,000 years or so, and while not everything about them is known, the little that we do know is definitely worth looking into if you want to see why these cattle of kings are so unique after all. Cattle So, for the most part, you will see that the Ankole-Watusi cows are kept around in large pasture zones where they can graze all day long, only to then be brought back home to their young calves. var adElemSticky = document.getElementById('vi-sticky-ad'); Under traditional management, the Ankole cow was grazed all day, then brought home to her young calf. (2007). to 120 degrees F, Ankole-Watusi tolerate temperature and weather extremes well. these people had been raising Ankole-Watusi cattle since before 1978. An Ankole bull belonging to Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa sold for R640 000 at the Ntaba Nyoni auction on Wednesday, near Ermelo in Mpumalanga. to stimulate milk letdown, then the cow was milked by the herdsman. In addition, the lactation period was short. Some dairy farmers have used crossbred Ankole-Watusi cows in their herds to boost the butter-fat levels. var adElemSticky = document.getElementById('vi-sticky-ad');
roping animals. An upgrade program has been established. Learn about the different breeds of livestock that play a crucial part in agriculture and 1930s. Ramaphosa does not import Ankole semen, but some of his bulls are registered for . By 2000 B. C., humped cattle (Longhorn Zebu) from Pakistan and India reached Africa. regal animals can easily trace their ancestry back more than 6,000 years and have Medium-sized animals, with long, large-diameter horns, they attract attention wherever they appear. Because they were developed in a climate where daily temperatures may range from 20 Usually they have a straight topline, a sloping rump and sometimes have a neck hump. of the indigenous African breeds. Modern descendants of the Sanga, however, vary greatly in size, conformation, and horns, due to differing selection pressures by different tribes. The cattle vary in the different sizes depending on the care given to them by the farmers but to note the young calves always range between 14 to 23 kilograms making them a good choice for cross breeding when the time comes. extinct. They have a small cerivco-thoracic hump (Mason and Maule 1960; Rege and Tawah 1999). This is why every member of the herd will come together and sleep in a circle, keeping the calves in the middle so that nothing can sneak up on them. ankole watusi Bar G BWS Foundation Pure Herdsire TW watusi watusi ankole watusi bull. 22 August 2017 | 12:40 pm. var _footer = document.querySelector("#colophon"); It derives from the Ankole group of Sanga cattle breeds of east and central Africa. The characteristics of the Watusi Cattle are: Watusi cattle are herbivores, and their diet includes grasses, leaves, and acorns. Medium-sized animals, adElem.style.height = ''; adElem.style.height = rect.height + 'px'; (function () { Ramaphosa then approached Dr Morn de La Rey, a veterinary surgeon and embryo transfer specialist, who travelled to Uganda with him to bring embryos to South Africa. adElem.style.top = ''; breed extinction; some selected for their utility in the production of superior cross-bred Ankole-Watusi meat has been demonstrated to be very low fat and to have lower cholesterol than other commercial beef. Adults bed down in a circle facing out with calves in the center. These native cattle are adapted to survive several months when food and water are scarce. Their herds look like slow-moving, multicolored forests of registerable. and conserve this interesting breed. Ankole-Watusi cattle are the show-stoppers of the bovine kingdom. As time went on, and zoos began to change their emphasis from visually-exciting animals to those (wild) animal species in desperate need of preservation (whether "eye-catching" or not), more Ankole-Watusi cattle became available for sale to private individuals and several private herds were begun. Cattle may be solid or spotted in color. Newborn calves weight just 14 to 23 kg and remain small for several months. Ankole Watusi A presentation by Jaden Figolah Breed Characteristics Sources: ansi.okstate.edu homesteadontherange.com ANKOLE-WATUSI The Ankole-Watusi cattle are among the most odd-looking members of the bovine kingdom. The Ankole-Watusi may be a number of different colors, but is usually red. Head and Neck: Given its immense horns, the Ankole longhorn has a relatively small head and face. The long horns are used for decoration purposes in different places of art. Newest results. He said he had approached the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to import the breed, but was told it was not permitted, as Ugandas veterinary services could not guarantee the animals were healthy. They inhabit the districts of Mbarara, Bushenyi, and Ntungamo. The Ankole-Watusi cows are grazed all day under traditional management for milk production, then brought home to their young calf. The Watusi appear elegant, well-bred, and graceful. They felt that it was time to begin a breed registry which could collect and maintain pedigree information and conserve this interesting breed. Vol. The calves sleep together during the day with an auntie cow nearby for protection. adElem.style.visibility = 'hidden'; Back in the day though, the Ankole-Watusi were considered to be sacred, which is why they were almost never used for their meat back then. It derives from the Ankole group of Sanga cattle breeds of east and central Africa. Our mission is to make your farm life easier and even more enjoyable. In Uganda, the Nkole tribe's Sanga variety of these cattle is known as ankole. makes Ankole-Watusi bulls useful for breeding to first-calf-heifers of other breeds. Ankole-Watusis weigh from 900 to 1,600 pounds (410 to 730 kg). Ankole-Watusi cattle are medium-sized creatures. They can be either solid or spotted in color. Newborn calves weigh 30-50 pounds. Today, less than 700 purebred ankoles are registered in the U.S. Ankole-Watusi meat has very little fat and lower cholesterol than other commercial beef. The Ankole-Watusi is medium in size, with cows weighing 900 - 1200 pounds and bulls weighing 1000 - 1600 pounds. Recommended for indoor use or covered outdoor area. Parker, S. P. Grzimek's Encyclopedia: Mammals. var width = window.innerWidth; In Uganda, This low birth-weight makes Ankole-Watusi bulls useful for breeding to first-calf heifers of other breeds. This is because, depending on the tribe that owned the Sanga cattle, different interbreeding happened altogether. It is characterized by very large horns. Ankole is now registered as a breed and is administered by the Afrikaner Cattle Breeders' Society of South Africa. individuals and several private herds were begun. Ankole were first introduced to the United States in the 1960s from a small seed stock in European zoos. Some of these were brought to Germany as zoo specimens in the early twentieth century, and from there spread to other European zoos. Lyre and circular shapes are preferable to flat. The Ankole-Watusi is a modern American breed of domestic cattle. Cows weigh 900-1,200 pounds and bulls 1,000-1,600 pounds. Ankole Watusi Bulls on Domino's Farms Ann Arbor Township Michigan.JPG. In January, 1983, North Americans interested in the Ankole-Watusi cattle breed met in Denver, Colorado, and formed the Ankole Watusi International Registry. The calf suckled Some animals are pied, speckled or white. The 1/2, 3/4, and 7/8 female offspring of Ankole-Watusi crosses are registerable, and the 15/16 female or male offspring are registerable. adElem.style.display = 'none'; This can be found in the hills of Kigezi. Three meat studies have been done in the last five years, and the results have been good for the breed. The giant-horned strain, owned by the Tutsi kings and chiefs, is called the inyambo, though some current tribal reports claim that this type is now extinct. Its large distinctive horns that can reach up to 8 ft (2.4 m) from tip to tip are used for defence and cooling by honeycombs of blood vessels. But these attempts have been slowed down by the constant famine, disease and traditional practitioners that are against the mass production of the breed. By far their most distinguishable feature is their horns though. The best way to sell these cattle is definitely through word of mouth in Uganda. after these were discovered. This new cattle breed was quite a looker to say the least, as it managed to gain quite a lot of traction in a very short period of time, making its way to Sudan, Uganda, Kenya and pretty much every other part of the eastern Africa at the time. [2]:110 A breed society, the Ankole Watusi International Registry, was set up in 1983,[2]:110 and in 1989 a breed standard was drawn up. The calf suckle further after hand milking has finished and then are separated from their mother again and the whole process is repeated in the morning again. adElem.style.zIndex = '21'; The Ankole-Watusi, also known as Ankole Longhorn, is a landrace breed of cattle originally native to Africa. Living in the savannas and open grasslands, their diet consists of grass and leaves. Its body measures some six feet in length and four feet in height at the shoulder. So, there you have it, by far one of the most unique looking cow breeds in the world, the Ankole Watusi cattle. it was time to begin a breed registry which could collect and maintain pedigree information There are three main breeds of Ankole cattle and these include the following: The Bahema strain is found in the Northern part of Kivu near the Amin and Edward Lakes. An Ankole-Watusi steer standing in the grass. The Ankole are gentle in nature and can weigh between 1,200 and 1,600 pounds. The blood collected from the cattle after slaughtering is also used in making a local cuisine that is a delicacy to the locals. Three meat studies have been done in the last five years, and the results have been - Watusi cow, Watusi cattle . The breed first arrived in the United States in the 1960s. The most noticeable feature of the breed is its horns, which have a large base and great length. and corrections are also welcome. This process would be repeated endlessly in order to make sure that the influx of cows would be constant and that there would always be milk production around the house. Ankole-Watusi r en mycket hrdig ras som klarar sig bra p magert bete och begrnsad vattentillgng. The calf would be allowed to suckle the tit briefly in order to stimulate the milk letdown, but as soon as the milk started to pour down, the calf would be removed and the herdsman would start milking the cow himself. A medium-sized bovine (cows range from 950 to 1,200 pounds and bulls from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds), Ankole Watusi come in solid or spotted colors, with dark red being the most prominent. This will be a way to protect the market for breeding stock as "curiosity" prices begin to disappear. The calf was allowed to suckle briefly to stimulate milk letdown, then the cow was milked by the herdsman. An upgrade program has been established. Horns are long and symmetrical, with a base large and proportional to horn length. if (width <= 900) { } Game WILL crash without it. all day, then brought home to her young calf. We are in need of high resolution pictures that show the breeds listed on this site. As far as their general look is concerned, some of them can be spotted or just solid in color, and when it comes to the shade, youll usually see them sporting a dark red, although they can also be seen with any color that any other cattle may have, including red, brown, yellow, dun, white, grey and black. The cows are majorly known for their long horns that rise up to eight feet from tip to tip. The Rwanda common strain of Watusi is called Inkuku. if ((_footer && _footer.getBoundingClientRect().top < 500)) { In January, 1983, North Americans interested in the Ankole-Watusi cattle breed met the Nkole tribe's Sanga variety is known as the Ankole. The Ugandan Ankole breed could offer many advantages for the local market. "eye-catching" or not), more Ankole-Watusi cattle became available for sale to private The Rwanda common strain of Watusi And the mature bulls on average weight between 540 and 730 kg. Ankole-Watusi: characteristics, reproduction and feeding When thinking of domestic animals, cows may not be the first animal that comes to mind, despite their relevance to society and the economy. with the Egyptian Longhorn. : 604 It was probably introduced to Uganda between five and seven hundred years ago by nomadic pastoralists from more northerly parts of the continent. This has The Ankole-Watusi should appear elegant, well-bred, and graceful. Characteristics. After being introduced to the wonderful Ankole Watusi cattle you might want to add some few to your herd for a cross breed or start your own farm it is not very difficult to start up a farm and all you need are simple basics on how to rear the cattle. adElemSticky.style.width = rect.width + 'px';
This low birth-weight makes Ankole-Watusi bulls useful for breeding to first-calf heifers of other breeds. During the day, the calves are kept together in order to make sure that they are safe. The Ankole-Watusi is a modern American breed of domestic cattle. The Ankole-Watusi derives from cattle of Ankole type imported to Germany as zoo specimens in the early twentieth century. Ankole-Watusi. Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) When these Zebu reached the region now known as Ethiopia and Somalia, they were interbred Required fields are marked *. Su periodo de vida puede extenderse hasta los 20 aos, aunque la longevidad depender de los hbitos de vida que . The Ankole-Watusi is a modern American breed of domestic cattle. Diet: Savannah Grasses and leaves in the Africa Adaptations: The horns are an adaptation to a hot climate and allowing dispersal of . Interestingly enough, while they may not look it, the Watusi cows and bulls are exceptionally long-legged creatures, which gives them the ability to jump and run around very quickly. In the predator infested wilderness of eastern . The Kigezi strain is a bit rare and but has some similarities to the Bahema strain. adElem.style.width = ''; Highly recommended for groups and individual dining. . The cows are average milk producers but their milk is rich in high butterfat content. Ankole Watusi Skull Mount Details: Measures approximately 46"H x 44"W x 5"D. Natural Ankole cow skull + horns + Mugavu wood mount. Guinness World Records lists a bull named .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}CT Woodie with a horn circumference of 103.5cm (40.7in) and a steer named Lurch, with horns measuring 95.25cm (37.50in), as record-holders. Some wanted to concentrate solely on the prevention of adElem.style.position = ''; El Ankole-Watusi es una raza de ganado originalmente nativas de frica. Long-horned, humpless domestic cattle were well established in the Nile Valley by Read more about this topic: Ankole-Watusi (cattle). The Ankole-Watusi is a modern American breed of domestic cattle. Watusi cattle is used as a status symbol so they are rarely slaughtered for meat. [5][6], This article is about the modern American cattle breed. The Ankole-Watusi cattle is a large cattle that is domesticated for its blood, meat, and milk. Watusi are an ancient breed, seen in the Nile Valley 4,000 years ago and in Egyptian paintings. Read more info about the breed below. Latin Name: Bos Taurus Taurus watusi Other Name: Ankole Longhorn Cattle Habitat and Range: Originated in Africa now widely distributed for meat. Characteristics The Watusi appear elegant, well-bred, and graceful. Interestingly enough, despite the fact that they are primarily used for their milk production, they are not all that good at this in the first place. At night, the herd-members sleep together, with the calves in the center of the group for protection. At the auction, he said he first saw the Ankole during a visit to Uganda. after hand-milking was finished and was again separated from its mother. They can also be sold through online advertising due to the increased internet use by the people or through word of mouth. The breed is also good for meat production and also good for draught works and show purposes. Ankole Watusi are part of a list of exotic cattle breeds that stands out from all the rest. During the nighttime though, things change, because one auntie cow is no longer enough to make sure that they are properly taken care of. These horns are brought to the market wrapped in natural hides and a twine rope on each of the horns which separates them to avoid damage during transportation. Cattle Farming and Caring Information and Guide, Abondance Cattle Characteristics, Origin, Breeding, Best Anatolian Black Cattle Farming Business Guide, Krishna Valley Cattle Characteristics, Origin & Uses, Tux Cattle Characteristics, Origin, Uses, Photo, Yanbian Cattle Characteristics, Origin & Uses Info, Red Sindhi Cattle: Characteristics, Origin, Uses, How to Protect Your Dog From Wild Animals, Buffalo Chopper: Best Uses & Working Process Info, Buffalo Trimming: Best Hooves Trimming Tips, Moringa Farming: Drumstick Cultivation Business, Best Oatmeal Cooker: Top 4 With Pros & Cons, Harmons Cooking Classes: Best For Learning Cooking, Goat Head Cooking: Preparation, Pros & Cons, How Hot to Cook Tombstone Pizza in The Oven, Well adapted to native climates, very good for meat production, good for milk, grow faster, cows are excellent mothers, excellent quality milk, very hardy. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). He feels Farmers Weekly is a platform for both developed and emerging farmers to learn additional farming skills and therefore takes the job of relaying practical information seriously. Topics she loves to geek out about: regenerative food systems, chickens and cattle breeds, homesteading and green cities. for registration in order to guarantee the accuracy of the stated pedigree. Cattle may be solid or spotted in color. adElem.style.display = 'block'; When these Zebu reached the region now known as Ethiopia and Somalia, they were interbred with the Egyptian Longhorn. often been referred to as "cattle of kings.". The admixture produced -- the Sanga -- spread to the Sudan, Over the next twenty centuries (2.000 years), the Egyptian Longhorn migrated with its owners from the Nile to Ethiopia, and then down to the southern reaches of Africa. The The Ankole-Watusi should appear elegant, well-bred, and graceful. Its an ancient breed and ancient rock paintings and depictions of these animals have been observed in the Sahara region and in the Egyptian arts and pyramid walls. Take a closer look at the Ankole-Watusi breed. It is a landrace breed, a type of Sanga cattle and originally native to East Africa. If the whole tribe is going through a famine for example, these animals are sacrificed so the people can live, which is why the herd owners are considered to be some of the most powerful men in the tribe. READEconomic & ecological benefits of hunting in Namibia. The breed provided currency, food and tribal status to the people of these tribes. The Watusi cattle are named after the Tutsi tribe that is found in Rwanda. Nature helped to develop the characteristics of Watusi in order to allow the survival of the breed. been an important part of the Registry's program to encourage animal scientists to adElem.style.opacity = '1'; This website is reader-supported. This is done when people go out to graze their cattle they are bound to improve on their relationship by talking about different issues and heir cattle. var rect = adElemSticky.getBoundingClientRect();
Special Considerations/Notes: Ankole-Watusi tolerate temperature and weather extremes well, says the breed's international registry. Ankole-Watusi Cattle Characteristics Ankole-Watusi cattle are medium sized animals. This clabbered milk drink is a staple to the diet. They felt that Their horns can reach up to 2.4 meter from tip to tip and they use their horns for defensing and cooling by honeycombs of blood vessels. The cattle were called Ankole, or Ankole-Watusi, and they were treated as a single breed. The AnkoleWatusi is medium in size and elegant in appearance. History The Ankole-Watusi derives from central African cattle of the Ankole group of Sanga cattle breeds. They are very well adapted to their native climates and also can survive in some other places. A straight topline and a sloping rump are required; a neck hump is preferred, but not required. The only other use for raising the cattle is to obtain milk. Over the last ten years, governmental authorities have attempted to select individuals that produce more milk and meat. Horns are long and symmetrical, with a base large and proportional to horn length. The Ankole-Watusi cattle are a multipurpose breed of cattle. in Egyptian pyramids. A unique facial mask completed their colorful attire! The Ankole Watusi cattle are sacred in the eyes of most African people and most people around do not use them for meat purposes although others do depending on the region that they come from. Zoos and game parks in Germany, Sweden, and England In Rwanda and Burundi, the En Ruanda y Burundi, la variedad de la tribu Tutsi Sanga se llama el Watusi. The prices of the Ankole Watusi cattle depend mainly on the size and age. Now that you know what the Ankole Watusi cows are used for, why theyre so unique in the first place and their rich history altogether, how about we give you a brief rundown of everything else that you may want to know before you head off, starting off with: While you can find them around the Safari Journey, just keep in mind that the Bos taurus is not a wild animal to begin with. Take a closer look at how some of the different breeds of livestock are used in Agriculture Also known as the Cattle of Kings, Ankole cattle and Royal Ox, this breed originated in eastern Africa, most commonly in the areas of Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Lake Victoria and Tanganyika. Thanks to their digestive systems, they are able to live on less food and water if needed; this is what has helped them survive for so long. Rocky Mountain News, 4 June 2008 These cattle, known as the Egyptian or Hamitic Longhorn, appear in pictographs However, it can be used in upgrading programs to raise the butterfat content of the milk of other breeds. Because they were developed in a climate where daily temperatures may range from 20 to 120 degrees F, Ankole-Watusi tolerate temperature and weather extremes well.