All persons displayed here are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. He was charged with ASSAULT, 4TH DEGREE (DOMESTIC VIOLENCE) NO VISIBLE INJURY. Harlan (Part), Letcher, Pike (Part) Start by clicking below. Jurors watched the video, cut up into multiple snippets totaling more than two hours, early in the trial, and requested to watch the video again on Monday to aid in its deliberations. Walker Eric Raymond 122 Modern Maid Dr, Russellville, KY 42276. The "First Families of Logan County" project was held in 2017 in conjunction with the 225th birthday celebration of Logan County's creation. William McIntosh surveyed 200 acres of land on Big Whippoorwill Creek, Logan County, Kentucky November 16, 1798. The current age of Walker is 24. "At one time I did ask why he did choke Allison. "I think (George) was a 20-year-old kid caught between doing what's right and doing what's right for his brother, and he split the difference in the worst possible way," Beard said during his closing argument. Kentucky Sportsmen's Caucus (Member) Pro-Life Caucus (Member) 2022 Budget Conference Committee (Member) 2022 Budget Conference Committee (Member) District: 16. Finding the right Medicare company in Logan County, Kentucky, can be a challenge. Police said Walker told them he strangled Allison in the kitchen of their home before tying her up and dumping her body in the Red River. Diane Gilliam Walker *, Larry Wilcutt*, Michael Lockhart, Jeff Manley, Lisa A. Miller . IF THE OFFENSE IS WORDED DIFFERENT THAN THE OFFENSE IN MISSISSIPPI ANY OTHER OFFENSE COMMITTED IN ANOTHER JURISDICTION FOR WHICH REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED IN THAT JURISDICTION. Butler County, Kentucky cemeteries : and some in Logan, Muhlenberg and Warren Counties Family History Library. Logan County Clerk. Tuesday he was sentenced to 55 years in prison for Allison's murder. The second best result is Chris Walker age 50s in Louisville, KY in the South Louisville neighborhood. Weapon Offenses (1) FINEGAN, MARK ANDREW. Wilson Christopher Wade 9685 Lewisburg Rd, Lewisburg, KY 42256. Read More:Allison Walkers Murder: Who Killed Her? Jury convicts Logan County man in sister-in-law's death, One person killed in shooting between family members, Judge Atkins reprimanded by Judicial Conduct Commission, Bolen named Christians next Commonwealths Attorney. Kentucky; Chris Walker; DISCLAIMER NOTICE: ALL ARE PRESUMED INNOCENT. John Christopher Walker, 32, and Charity Danielle Walker 23, both of 129 Kentucky St. were charged Friday with second-degree criminal abuse of a child 12 or younger. Stacy Watkins. Paul Walker - Democrat - Murray. Chris Walker was married to Allison Walker and George Walker lived with them at a residence in south Logan County off Conn Road in the Schochoh area. Pat Walpole Bell. Kentucky; logan county; Our database shows there are 84 registered sex offenders in Logan County, KY. . Monday, a deputy testified that he admitted to murdering his sister-in-law just a few days before Christmas. Murderpedia. Thank you for reading! The Logan County Detention Center in Russellville, Logan County, Kentucky, like all jails is a maximum security facility. RUSSELLVILLE, Ky. Near the end of the trial of a man accused of killing his sister-in-law and dumping her body in the Red River, acting Logan County Commonwealth's Attorney Box 420. Wilson Christopher Wade 9685 Lewisburg Rd, Lewisburg, KY 42256. George admitted to police that he choked Allison and threw her body in a nearby river few days before Christmas of 2015. Vote totals and those who ran for the 2022 primary election are as follows: Logan County Judge-Executive (Republican) Phillip E. Baker 1,222 PRIMARY WINNER. "When he had said he heard her body was in the river, I asked where he had heard it, and he said he picked it up from the wind," said Harvey. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. 55347 Forest Springs Ave. (660) 462-394P, Paris, Missouri, 65275, United States. Kentucky Death Records Indexes, Obituaries and Cemeteries by County Eventually, her body surfaced near the Red River near their Conn Road home near Adairville, Kentucky. The territory first stretched from the Mississippi River in the west to the Little Barren River in the east. The sheriffs office received help from the Logan County Search and Rescue Squad while they were searching for the victim. The people . Kentucky Deaths and Burials, 1843-1970 at FamilySearch (free with registration); not complete but has about 627,000 entries; coverage varies by county; some counties may not be included. Logan County William Addison 72 George Blakey 91 John P. Gillum 79 . According to Governor Andy Beshear, the five people who lost their lives due to Friday's weather include a 23-year-old man in Edmonson County, a 63-year-old man in Logan County, an 84-year-old . Box 358. He stated due to the wrong belief., In the video, George was heard saying, I basically told on myself. At his trial, the acting Logan County Commonwealths Attorney, Justin Crocker, stated that the details of Georges confession matched the results of the investigation. Copyright 2023. Get an email notification whenever someone contributes to the discussion. Get Full Access to Chris's Info . The county of Logan was formed in 1792 and was named after Benjamin Logan, second in command of the Kentucky Militia during the Revolutionary War. With 31 Republicans and 12 Democrats running for office in Logan County, filing for the 2022 election cycle ended at 4 p.m. Tuesday, Jan. 25. chris walker logan county kentucky. The county is named for Benjamin Logan, who had been second in command of the Kentucky militia during the American Revolutionary War and was a leader in bringing statehood to the area. Both bride and groom must appear together to get a license. George Walker is Chris brother, but he is also the man who was eventually held culpable for the crime. CHRISTOPHER A WALKER was booked on 9/9/2022 in Henderson County, Kentucky. RUSSELLVILLE - A Logan County man convicted of killing his sister-in-law and dumping her body in a nearby river was sentenced Thursday to 55 years in prison. Andy Beshear declares State of Emergency ahead of severe storms, Historic RailPark and Train Museum hosts Sip & Putt Mini Golf Challenge, Roof Falls on SoKY Marketplace During Storm Friday, Death Toll from Today's Weather at Four People, UPDATE: Logan County man pleads not guilty in sister-in-law's murder. Monday, a deputy testified that he admitted to murdering his sister-in-law just a few days before Christmas. Our database shows there are 83 registered sex offenders in Logan County, KY. View the photos, address, physical description and more details of each registered offender in Logan County, KY. CRIME FROM OTHER STATE,TERRITORY, OR COUNTRY, CRIME FOR OTHER STATE,TERRITORY, OR COUNTRY, 07/16/1998 CRIMINAL SEXUAL CONDUCT- SECOND DEGREE, 05/26/2010 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT AGGRAVATED SEXUAL BATTERY, 01/01/2012 SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF A MINOR, 03/14/2012 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT RAPE OF A CHILD, 07/01/2005 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT AGGRAVATED SEXUAL BATTERY, 11/01/2007 INCEST: OFFENSE OCCURRING ON OR AFTER MAY 30, 2007, 11/01/2007 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT RAPE OF A CHILD. Brandon A. Adams Born: May 9, 1987 Died: November 13, 2022 Brandon A. Adams of Russellville, KY, age 35, passed on Sunday, November 13, 2022, at Norton Audubon Hospital in Louisville, KY. Company Logan Agri-Service. Fax: (270) 726-7893. Booking Date: 9/9/2022 4:47:00 AM. Its original territory stretched from the Mississippi in the west to the Little Barren River . Christian Adkins, 22: Fraudulent schemes (three counts). A jury found the then 22-year old George guilty on charges of murder and tampering with evidence, for which he was given 55 years behind bars. Copyright 2023. OKLAHOMA COUNTY SHERIFF'S DEPARTMENT; Business Records related to Chris Walker . At the end of Monday's hearing Judge Ken Williams did find enough probable cause to move George Walker's charges of Murder and Tampering With Physical Evidence to a grand jury. Joshua Toomey 304 West Third Street Russellville, KY 42276 (270) 726-3696. The Murder On December 21, 2015, Allison Walker was reported missing by her husband, Chris. Time service requirement: Must serve minimum of 20% of sentence: Sentence length: 10 years 0 months 0 days: Winds light and variable.. Clear skies. James Walker 81 Alex. According [] LOGAN A whopping 82 indictments were returned in Logan County Circuit Court after the grand jury met in May. With comprehensive contact information, including cell phone numbers, for over 250 million people nationwide, and Whitepages SmartCheck, the fast, comprehensive background check compiled from criminal and other records from all 50 states. 374829N 852817W / . Willa Jean Ferrier, Crystal Conaster, and Chris Boswell were shot and killed by John Roscoe Garland in McCreary Country, supposedly over jealousy. Christopher Shea Nickell. Fulton County Detention Center. George Walker is Chris' brother, but he is also the man who was eventually held culpable for the crime. Jimmy Davenport. Logan County Detention Center. Kelsie Barry, 23, of 11337 Shawnee Path, Lakeview, was arrested as part of the warrant roundup. All persons displayed here are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. Shortly after theyd located Allisons remains, George made a full confession to the officers as they stood on the river bank. Share with Us. His land adjoined Croughans Line and Middleton Smith and Barnabas Smith were his chain carriers. The Logan County Sheriff's Office said Tristan Chase Settles, 11, went missing from the Ray Walker Road area in Russelville, Ky. A neighbor, Jay Walker (who is not related to the family), also aided the effort. The Offices still in this building are as follows: Search for someone by name, phone number, zip code or address. Isaiah Judd, 21, of 11283 Ash Street, Lakeview, was arrested on grant jury warrants and was lodged in the Logan County Jail. As Walker sat very still throughout the hearing, Allison's family said justice stayed in their minds. Additionally, multiple other indicted defendants were arrested on drug-related charges, and were found in possession of drugs at the time of their arrest. The third result is Chris Walker age 30s in Louisville, KY in the Klondike neighborhood. Logan was formed on 01 September 1792 from the west portion of Lincoln County, Kentucky, in honor of Col. Benjamin Logan, a Virginia native who was a pioneer, politician, and soldier of the American Revolution. Get Email Address. LOGAN A whopping 82 indictments were returned in Logan County Circuit Court after the grand jury met in May. George Walker Now: Where is Allison Walker's Brother-in-Law Today? The area that became Logan County was originally known as "Rogue's Harbor." This was where the "outlaws-of-the-outlaws" came to hide. Patricia Walker's passing at the . A packed courtroom listened as Deputy Kyler Harvey testified details regarding the search for then, missing 23 year old Allison Walker. A Logan County man's murder conviction and 55-year sentence has been affirmed by the Kentucky Supreme Court. Because the inmates in this jail range from low level offenders to those being held for violent crimes like robbery, rape and murder, the security level is as high as is it is in any maximum security state prison. We know that Britt Logan, Deann M Logan, and three other persons also lived at this address, perhaps within a different time frame. Police testified in court Monday, George eventually admitted to strangling, the woman he lived with in the kitchen of the home they shared on December 21, and also shared a vague motive. 497067 / 320738. Send flowers, find service dates or offer condolences for the lives we have lost in Logan County, Kentucky. Copyright OffenderRadar.com All rights reserved. Especially about the river and how she was tied up, and how he drug her. Find Christopher Logan's phone number, address, and email on Spokeo, the leading people search directory for contact information and public records. February 17, 1983. Dead Letters. Please use the button below to manage your account. By Chris Cooper, A Motorboat Is Easier To Maneuver In Which Conditions, Was Precious Sexually Abused By Her Mother. George Walker was booked in the Logan County Detention Center on a $1 million cash bond. ** This post is showing arrest information only. James Comer - Republican (incumbent) - Tompkinsville. We're taking it very hard.". The entire hearing Monday played out in front of nearly two dozen relatives' of Allison's including her sister and brother in law on the other side of her family. He made an appeal but in 2019 the outcome of the trial was upheld by the Supreme Court of Kentucky. The Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth . We never expected him to do anything like this. Logan County Deputy Sheriff Kyler Harvey questioned Chris Walker's brother, George, about Allison's disappearance. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, UPDATE: 12/26/15. How Did She Die. Kentucky Henderson County Christopher Walker. You have permission to edit this article. POSSESSION OF MATTER PORTRAYING A SEXUAL PERFORMANCE BY A MINOR, 05/22/1995 UT - ATTEMPTED RAPE OF CHILD, 1ST DEGREE, 12/02/1996 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT SEXUAL BATTERY, POSSESSION OF MATTER PORTRAYING A SEXUAL PERFORMAN, 02/08/2008 STATUTORY RAPE BY AN AUTHORITY FIGURE, 12/07/2013 CRIMINAL ATTEMPT TO COMMIT AGGRAVATED RAPE, 06/12/2013 SOLICITATION OF A MINOR: CLASS B OR C FELONY. Anatok. As a general contractor or a local builder, Walters Buildings takes care of the details. In the period between 1883 and 1895, at least 13 men were lynched in Logan County a rate of more than one a year. Age: 44 . 37.8081194N 85.47147740000003W. Alexander Plantation house is a notable example of early Kentucky stone architecture. A Logan County man is sentenced to 55 years in prison after being found guilty of killing his sister-in-law. Attention Courthouse Visitors: : In accordance with the CDCs revised masking guidelines, all persons over two years of age shall wear a face covering or mask at all times within all public areas of any Courthouse located in a county with High COVID-19 Community Levels, Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. A Logan County man is sentenced to 55 years in prison after being found guilty of killing his sister-in-law. CHRISTOPHER J GOODWIN was booked on 3/1/2023 in Logan County, Kentucky. "It still hurts that we can't see her no more, but she's still in our memory.". Inmate Mugshots. To apply, you had to submit an application with documented proof each generation connected to the next, and . Please use the button below to verify an existing account or to purchase a new subscription. 46yo. Last Updated: January 24th, 2023. If Walker is indicted on that day, his case will move to Circuit Court from this point on. (50 years for the murder charge and 5 years for the tampering charge). Thank you for signing in! The next time a grand jury meets in Logan County is Friday. County County Alsip, Addison W 72 Whitley . Logan 4; Madison 10; Marion 2; Mason 2; McCracken 9; Meade 4; Monroe 0; Montgomery 5; Muhlenberg 3; Nelson 4; Ohio 1; Oldham 8; . Logan's career experience includes working as a partner at Central Kentucky Solution . How is Your Documentation: Lessons Learned from Litigation, Ophthalmic Mutual Insurance Company (OMIC) (2014). Chris, his wife and three children live in the Kansas City area. Dead Silent is in Logan County, Kentucky, this week, to investigate the murder of Allison Walker on a pig farm near Adairville in 2015. This site does not charge for viewing any of our published data, and we do not accept payments of any kind. We hope that you enjoy our free content. When Allisons husband, Chris, failed to locate his wife, he telephoned the Logan County Sheriffs Office to report her missing. OF THE KENTUCKY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A person must enquire to obtain a record at: Logan County Courthouse. He has been charged with two counts of rape, first-degree felonies, and gross sexual imposition, a third-degree felony. Beard attempted to point out inconsistencies in Chris Walker's testimony and police statements, but Crocker reminded jurors of times when George Walker's story changed as he spoke with police. Your current subscription does not provide access to this content. Please log in, or sign up for a new account and purchase a subscription to continue reading. Walker had not been seen since December 21. Export. . "It's the only explanation in this unbelievably sad situation that makes any sense," Crocker said Monday during his closing argument. Republican Primary in Ballard, Carlisle, Fulton, Hickman and McCracken Christopher M. Tucker 1,394 Steven Jack Rudy 2,176 2. Jan 7, 2022. B, West Liberty, abduction, a third-degree felony, and domestic violence, menacing by stalking and disrupting public services, fourth-degree felonies; Clifford Risner Jr., 52, at-large, illegal conveyance of drugs, a third-degree felony, aggravated possession of drugs and theft, fifth degree felonies and misdemeanor counts of petty theft and disorderly conduct. . He has tried cases resulting in defense verdicts in state courts in Missouri and Kansas, as well as Federal Court. White . Sleeping Easy: Avoiding Legal Pitfalls in Nonprofit Fundraising and Operations, Support Kansas City (2016). Jasmine Block was just 15 years old when she was kidnapped and held captive by three men who sexually abused, beat, and even tried to kill. Public defender Nathan Beard, representing George Walker, argued that his client had attempted to cover up for Chris Walker, who Beard posited was actually responsible for Allison's death. When asked why, Walker told police, "Due to the wrong belief". Missouri and Kansas Super Lawyers Rising Star 2020, Best Lawyers in Americaand Best Lawyers in Kansas City Ones to Watch 2021. Chris has successfully represented healthcare providers in numerous medical malpractice cases. Fifty-two of the indictments were listed on the docket for Circuit Judge Eric O'Briant: Kristina Susan Adams, 31: Conspiracy (two counts); manufacture (schedule I and II narcotic); unlawful manufacture, delivery, transport into state or possession of fentanyl. Alsip, Judia 74 Whitley 04-28-1926 024 11746 (Buchanan, w/o Robert Henry) Alsip, Julia 92 . How Did She Die? He has tried cases resulting in defense verdicts in state courts in Missouri and Kansas, as well as Federal Court. Matthew Moran, 39, of 813 East Columbus Ave., Bellefontaine, two counts of felonious assault, a second-degree felony, and single counts of abduction, a third-degree felony and domestic violence, a fourth-degree felony; Nicholas Emerich, 33, of 401 West St., Bellefontaine, felonious assault, a second-degree felony, and misdemeanor counts of aggravated menacing, two counts of domestic violence and four counts of endangering children; William Broyles, 40, of Moraine, aggravated possession of drugs, and tampering with evidence, third-degree felonies View local obituaries in Logan County, Kentucky. Kimberlee Bruce, 48, of Springboro, tampering with evidence, a third-degree felony, and aggravated possession of drugs, a fifth-degree felony; Derek Solino, 26, of, Russia, tampering with evidence, a third-degree felony, and possession of cocaine, a fifth-degree felony; Shane Peterman, 34, of 9271 Mauger St., Lakeview, burglary, a third-degree felony; Diane Gilliam Walker. The information and photos presented on this site have been collected from the websites of County Sheriff's Offices or Clerk of Courts. Joe Ross (D) * . Booking Date: 3/1/2023 10:35:00 AM. . 1780--Lincoln County was created on 1 May 1780 as a Virginia county when Kentucky County (Virginia) was abolished to form Fayette, Jefferson and Lincoln counties. Incredibly, Tammy survived the ordeal and managed to crawl out of the woods to safety. Arrested on 09/09/22 for an alleged obstruct of justice charge . Offense: RAPE 3RD DEGREE. A neighbor, Jay Walker (who is not related to the family), also aided the effort. He will be eligible for parole only after having served 20 years of the verdict. "It was hard for me to hear it. The Kentucky GDP decreased by more than 1% after the passing of Walker, Chris Walker, General Manager of Armor, Inc. Chris' in . Police: Logan County murder suspect gave motive, Crews responding to power outages following line of storms, Gov. 17 Views. Weve got to let society know that theres a big penalty for stealing someone elses life. . WALKER, BOBBY R : Kentucky State Penitentiary: 482629 / 299627 Homicide(1) Obstructing the Police(1) Unknown(1) WALKER, BRANDEN : Mayfield Office - Graves County . Montgomery County, KY: Recent Charges. Don't Threaten. They have also lived in Shelbyville, KY and Silver Creek, GA. $110,500. Also known as Hawkins County John Walker (HCJW), his 400-acre land grant on the Middle Fork of the Holston indicated that the actual date of settlement was in 1775. Allison Walker was 23-years-old and was married to Chris Walker when she was murdered. McCracken Family Records: Descendants of John McCracken and Elizabeth Wood 1784-1984: John McCracken & Elizabeth Wood were Married 1784 in Frederick, Maryland; Resided 1788-1817 in Mason County, Kentucky; and after 1817 in Daviess County, Indiana. He is charged with first-degree rape and third-degree unlawful transaction with a minor in connection with those cases, according to the Allison Walker's hands and feet had been bound and the body was wrapped in a tarp. 0:00. "It's more of a regional project now . It didnt take this long. Jail Location Kentucky. The list was released by Logan County Prosecuting Attorney David Wandling. It has a total of 3 trucks and 1 drivers. History and Political Science, Denmark International Study, Copenhagen, Denmark,Semester Abroad, 8340 Mission Road, Suite 106
Harvey [] CONTENTS. Booking Number: CW45MW6222022101600 Booking Date: 6/22/2022 10:16:00 PM Age: 45 Gender: M Race: WHITE Height: 5' 10" Weight: 140 lbs Hair Color: BALD Eye Color: BROWN Charges: Charges are unavailable High 37F. Born on 23 May 1749 in Fluvanna County, Virginia. The names are listed alphabetically within the regiments. 1:57. Kentucky (163) Louisiana (140) Maine (32) Maryland (152) Massachusetts (108) Michigan (191) Minnesota (70) . Arrest Information. / 37.8081194; -85.47147740000003 ( Anatok Plantation House) Nelson. Then, her body was found in the Red River near their Conn Road home near Adairville, Kentucky. For the second time in two weeks George Walker made an appearance in Logan District Court. To them, it only means one thing. Click on the front page to read today's edition of the Kentucky New Era. Monroe County, KY: Recent Charges. However, the public defender, Nathan Beard, claimed that his client was actually covering up for Chris. Former DeGraff utility employee charged with theft from the village, Solomons garage offers quality service rooted in faith, Bellefontaine grad Clement named NCAC player of year, Liberty Gathering Place to continue longtime legacy under new ownership, Raiders Kennaw to play football at Heidelberg, County commissioner attends the 2023 CCAO New Member Training, NOT REAL NEWS: A look at what didnt happen this week, Abortion clinics crossing state borders not always welcome. Gender . Microfilmed records can be found online at Kentucky, Probate Records, 1792-1977 for Caldwell, Henry, Hickman, Russell and Trimble counties. racist or sexually-oriented language. Walker, Jesse 2 Jan 1912, Daviess; b: Mar 1911, KY . Birth Records 1852 ONEIDA, Ky (WTVQ)- Kentucky State Police are investigating a collision that left one person dead in Clay County, Tuesday. Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2017-2021. Mr. Walker is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, where he teaches a graduate course on . Woodford County declared a state of emergency after multiple reports of injuries, vehicle wrecks, property damage and other issues. Allison Walker was reported missing Dec. 21, 2015, by Chris Walker, and Logan County Search and Rescue workers pulled her body, which was wrapped in a blue tarp and bound at her hands and feet with a white rope, from the river about 350 feet from the Walkers' house the following night. Brian Pedigo - Democrat - Glasgow . He used to come around us too. Comprehensive Cross Examination and Ethical Considerations, Litigating to Win Through Advanced Trial Advocacy, National Business Institute (2020). Do you, This was definitely in IL because we are friends with, Hi. Walters Buildings started as a pole barn builder for local farmers. January 1997 - Present. Jail Location Kentucky. Christopher Logan in Kentucky. Low 38F. Boone (Part), Campbell (Part), Kenton (Part), Pendleton. Kentucky State Police expert witnesses testified about their analysis of forensic evidence in the trial of George Walker for murder and tampering with physical evidence. American University Washington College of LawJuris Doctorate, Student Attorney, General Practice Clinic, Editor, Sustainable Development Law & Policy Brief, Indiana University, Bloomington, INB.A. Use the 'Report' link on Cave Spring Baptist Church Find a Grave. M637. Tonda McCullough, 47, of Dayton, two counts of failure to appear, fourth-degree felonies; Richard Ramos, 32, of 8573 State Route 366, Lot 6, Russells Point, domestic violence, a fourth-degree felony, and and unlawful possession of a dangerous ordnance, a fifth-degree felony; Calvin Davis Jr., 54, of 428 Clark Ave., Bellefontaine, three counts of Medicaid fraud, fourth- and fifth-degree felonies; Terry Rhyan, 42, of 360 South Oak Street, Lakeview, one count of operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol or drugs, a fourth-degree felony; James Combs, 36, of Marysville, one count of grand theft of a motor vehicle, a fourth-degree felony; Racheal Reisinger, 26, of 505 Woodview Drive, Bellefontaine, one count of grand theft, a fourth-degree felony; Michael Gilbert, 59, of 716 West Auburn Ave., Bellefontaine, trespass in a habitation, a fourth-degree felony; Danielle Penrod, 35, of Waverly, three counts each of aggravated possession of drugs, one count of possession of heroin, fifth-degree felonies and a misdemeanor count of possessing drug abuse instruments.