1. Identify the equipment, materials, and supplies needed for coronal polishing. The same potential difference is applied between the ends of all the strands and results in a total current of 0.750 A. Caries process Systemic fluoride Benefits and contraindications of topical fluoride Appropriate types and delivery mechanisms of fluoride for patients All didactic instruction will be completed online. You are planning to get a crown, bridge, sealants or orthodontic bands and brackets. American Dental Association
I first heard of pre-polishing when I worked as a dental assistant between 1987 and 1991. Just the same, I demonstrated home care, had her brush, and I polished and flossed prior to scaling. Advances in Dental Research 2009; 21: 35-9. Further investigation into alternative stain removal methods is recommended. Emphasis is placed on sealants, amalgam restorations, composite restorations and temporary restorations. "It looks rather scary, but the truth is it's a flexible suction arm that captures aerosols. (2005). Whether They Need ItOr Not! This includes the use of a toothbrush. Briefly, selective polishing means that you must carefully choose the cases and teeth for coronal polishing. The Dental Assisting program is a full-time day program to which students are admitted in August of each year. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. "There is no health benefit to polishing," said Julie Frantsve-Hawley, the editor of The International Journal of Evidence-Based Practice for the Dental Hygienist. Use of the glycine-based powder permitted longer air polishing times but the sealant surface also demonstrated minor defects. She can be contacted at maahst@lanecc.edu. 4. Sinclair's Dental Health Sciences Department offers programs in Dental Hygiene, Expanded Functions for Dental Auxiliaries and a Dental Assisting Program. Another new air polishing agent with calcium sodium phosphosilicate claims to desensitize, clean, polish, and regenerate the tooth to create an enamel-like layer in one easy treatment (see "Sources for air polishing powders"). Coronal Polishing- A technique used to remove plaque and stains from the coronal surfaces of the teeth Endogenous Stains- Stains developed from within the structure of the tooth Exogenous Stains- Stains developed from external sources Extrinsic Stains- Stains that occur on the external surfaces of the teeth that may be removed by polishing 1 year of clinical work experience as a dental assistant is required. Narongdej T, Sakoolnamarka, R, Boonroung T. The effectiveness of a calcium sodium phosphosilicate desensitizer in reducing cervical dentin hypersensitivity. Root surface abrasion seen on molars is disturbing, considering stain often occurs on exposed mandibular anterior root surfaces and may cause repeated and prolonged polishing. GPAP resulted in a significantly greater reduction in subgingival bacterial counts when compared to curettes.16 The authors mentioned that GPAP might save instrumentation time and reported that only 15 minutes was needed to remove plaque-biofilm in the entire dentition. Identify the indications and contraindications for disclosing and coronal polishing Identify the pre-medications for the compromised patient Utilize proper armamentaria in an organized sequence for disclosing and polishing Perform plaque disclosure Demonstrate the proper instrument grasp, fulcrum position, and cheek/tongue retraction Rearrange the equation and plot the data in order to determine KtK_tKt and VmaxV_{max}Vmax for glucose transport across the erythrocyte membrane. To qualify for entry to limited enrollment courses, please see the program specific information packet located on each HS program's webpage. Pursuant to section 4715.39 of the Revised Code and this rule, certified assistants shall receive certification to perform coronal polishing and may do so under the restrictions set forth in rule 4715-11-02 of the Administrative Code. No major gingival damage occurred as a result of this instrumentation. Dentists and licensed dental hygienists are the only professionals legally allowed to perform a complete oral prophylaxis. Frankenberger R, Lohbauer U, Tay FR, Taschner M, Nikolaenko SA.,J Adhes Dent., The effect of different air-polishing powders on dentin bonding, 2007 Aug; Dental Clinic 1, Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany, 9(4):381-9, frankbg@dent.uni-erlangen.de. Code 114.5 - Coronal Polishing. The damaging effects of bacterial plaque take place below the gumline, so professional debridement/recare is imperative, and polishing first fosters taking the time and opportunity to focus on this aspect of dental hygiene care. Claire Jeong, RDH, MS, is an educator and entrepreneur. I work in both the educational and private settings, and the philosophy of selective polishing had been instilled as gospel. You are alerted to sensitive areas and can follow up with the application of a desensitizing medicament prior to scaling. Darby ML and Walsh MM, Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. Your teeth have demineralized spots on the enamel or root decay. Lynne is the CEO of Perio C Dent, a dental practice management company that specializes in the incorporation of conservative periodontal therapy into the hygiene department of dental practices. Medically Reviewed By Colgate Global Scientific Communications. http://www.adha.org/profissues/polishingpaper.htm, http://www.osap.org/?page=Issues_DUWL_7&hhSearchTerms=polish. Or maybe you polished a patients teeth without checking if the patient had a medical condition that can spread through aerosol. If you know your indications and contraindications, you will provide better care. This information packet prepares you to participate in the course. The use of the brush should be confined to the crown to avoid injury to the gingiva and cementum. The Commission on Dental Accreditation can be contacted at 800-621-8099 or 312-440-4653 or at 211 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-2678. Admin. The degree program consists of open enrollment courses (general education and division specific) and program specific courses with limited enrollment. As the founder of SmarterDA dental assisting exam prep solution, I would like to offer a summary on coronal polishing. Role of CT colonography in early follow-up of acute complicated diverticulitis. This has placed dental professionals into an ethical dilemma on whether or not this service should be provided.[2]. There are specific indications and contraindications for doing a coronal polish. It delivers an air-powder slurry of warm water and sodium bicarbonate for polishing. This includes the use of a toothbrush. The following scenarios, outlined by an article published in DentistryIQ, are usually the only times a dentist would recommend an extra polishing: If tooth stains reach inside the enamel, otherwise known as intrinsic stains, polishing is not recommended since it won't be effective for this type of staining. Your teeth are newly erupted and the enamel hasn't fully mineralized. Atomic force microscopy in vitro study of surface roughness and fractal character of a dental restoration composite after air-polishing. This 4-page document describes common errors in vaccine administration and provides links to resources that can help prevent them [#P3033] Guide to contraindications and precautions to commonly used vaccines for all ages. The enamel surface is strong enough to withstand repeated tooth polishing, but it should be avoided on newly erupted teeth, exposed root surfaces and areas of demineralization. Surfaces of restorations may be damaged by conventional tooth polishing with prophylactic paste. 1995 Aug; 26(8): 535-43. Wilkins also said, Stain removal after gingival and periodontal treatments, including scaling and root planing, is not recommended on the same day.. Completion of this course prepares the dental hygienist to take the CDCA examination required for dental hygiene local anesthesia credentialing in Ohio. The Board will approve a coronal polishing course that meets the requirements of 12 AAC 28.820 -830. Lets get progressive! There are forms of sticky plaque that do not come off with rubber cup polishing. However, if your dentist feels that you would benefit from an extra polishing, you should feel comfortable going ahead with the procedure. Petersilka G et al. [5] Foods and beverages such as coffee, tea, and red wine can stain the enamel. The bioactive glass material reacts with body fluids (saliva) to deposit hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA), a mineral that is chemically similar to natural tooth minerals. Prophy brush: can be used for removing extrinsic stain from grooves, pits and fissures, or used prior to placing sealants. I love dental assistants, but they are not qualified or trained to evaluate and treat this. Tooth polishing is a simple procedure that paired with tooth scaling, can result in smooth, white and bacteria free teeth. Synonym (s): frontal plane. It is not necessary to completely cover the entire crown of the tooth unless the biofilm covers the entire crown. CORONAL POLISHING IS DEFINED AS THE PROCEDURE THAT REMOVES PLAQUE AND STAIN from the coronal surfaces of teeth. More comparison features will be added as we have more versions to compare. For cosmetic restorations, use Proxyt by Ivoclar Vivadent. Burwell, AK, Litkowski LJ, Greenspan DC. "Coronal polishing" means the removal of plaque and extrinsic stain from exposed natural and restored tooth surfaces using an appropriate rotary instrument with rubber cup or brush and polishing agent. Lindhe L, Meyle J. Peri-implant diseases: consensus report of the sixth European workshop on Periodontology. A contraindication, then, is a symptom or condition that makes a treatment risky, such as taking certain other medications at the same time. Following the course, participants may apply for a Coronal Polishing Certificate from the OSDB. Faculty Marie Desmarais, CDA, M.A.T. Coronal Polishing Courses for Dental Assistants Basic Dentistry Done Better 2088 Lowe's Dr., Suite C Clarksville, TN 37040 (931) 980-2072 Approval expires: 12/31/24 Chattanooga College Medical, Dental and Tech 248 Northgate Mall Drive #130 Chattanooga, TN 37415 423-305-7781 Approval expires: 12/31/22 Chattanooga State Community College 12 AAC 28.820. There are two popular types of prophy cups: 4 webs and 6 webs. The act or process of polishing: gave the lamp a polish. A student may take the TEAS test two times for consideration. Sodium bicarbonate powders 3M ESPE's C&P Air Polishing Powder Biotrol's Perfect Choice Air Polishing Powder Dentsply's Cavitron Prophy-Jet Powder Electro Medical Systems' (EMS) Air-Flow Powder Classic Satelec Acteon Group's Powder Max Young Dental's Air Polishing Powder, Glycine powdersElectro Medical Systems' (EMS) Air-Flow Powder PerioElectro Medical Systems' (EMS) Air-Flow Powder Soft, Other powdersDentsply's Cavitron Jet-Fresh Powder (aluminum trihydroxide)KaVo's ProphyFlex Powder (calcium carbonate)OSspray's Sylc (Novamin/calcium sodium phosphosilicate). Prophylactic paste contains abrasives that vary in size, shape, and hardness. Anaerobe cultivation was used to assess the mean reduction of total colony-forming units immediately after treatment. Precautions include; teeth without existing stain, newly erupted teeth, tooth decalcification, hypo-calcification, hypoplasia, demineralization, rampant caries. The Michaelis-Menten equation can be rearranged so that a plot 1/V01 / V_01/V0 versus 1/[glucose] produces a straight line. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. Polishing paste: choose a polishing paste appropriate for the conditions in the patients mouth. "Oh, that," chuckles Adam, "It's an air cleaning system we use while we're air polishing and performing other dental procedures. Petersilka GJ, Bell M, Haberlein I, Mehl A, Hickel R, Flemmig TF. There are a number of precautions that clinicians should be aware of when deciding if tooth polishing is indicated. Lynne speaks on the topic of conservative periodontal therapy and other dental hygiene-related topics. She did not like the hand scaling, and the tears in her eyes were pretty impressive, so I used the ultrasonic to complete treatment. Exposed Cementum or Dentin
Other external factors that can lead to extrinsic staining are smoking, some antimicrobial rinses, and environmental working conditions where there is exposure to metallic dust. [6] Selective Polishing [ edit] CHX: We dont like it! Provide the patient with protective eyewear. To avoid cross-contamination from dental equipment, infection control specialists agree: "The same chemical treatment regimens and technology used in the dental unit should be effective with the ultrasonic and air polishing equipment, which also pose risk of bacterial contamination via biofilm tubing."2. A pilot study. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. Therapy of peri-mplantitis: a systemic review. Chromogenic bacteria found in plaque that is left behind due to poor oral hygiene can also cause staining. The Indiana State Board of Dentistry approved coronal polishing and fluoride administration as a permitted function for a trained Dental Assistant. There are several contraindications for air polishing. Tammy Maahs, RDH, BSDH, is a part-time dental hygiene instructor at Lane Community College in Eugene, Oregon, and also works in clinical practice for a general dentist. 16. Coronal Polishing for Dental Assistants is organized by Creighton University and will be held from Jan 31 - Feb 01, 2020 at Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America. Abstract. Evidence-based guidelines help us navigate our way to clinical decision-making in a way that determines the proper course of action for individualized care. Ability to perform coronal polishing; CDHC Course registration CDHC Course payment. Plus, polishing tooth enamel removes a bit of the tooth's fluoride-rich layer, which then takes about three months to rebuild, according to the JISP article. 1 year of clinical work experience as a dental assistant is required. Patients with hypertension, Addisons disease, Cushings syndrome, and metabolic alkalosis, as pumice can contain sodium. The American Dental Hygienists' Association 2010 Position on Polishing Procedures lists the following as contraindications for air polishing procedures:1 Patients with restricted sodium diets Patients with respiratory, renal, or metabolic disease Patients with infectious disease Children Patients on diuretics or long-term steroid therapy For example, the UT Health San Antonio School of Dentistry offers a training course that is required for any dental assistants who want to perform coronal polishing in Texas. Placement of sealants. If you use NuCare or Proclude and do not apply it first, you are defeating the purpose of the product. Focus on the gingival one-third and areas of visible stain. - before placement of a dental dam. n. 1. I prefer to floss with dentotape directly after polishing to remove abrasive particles, remove interproximal dental biofilm, evaluate bleeding, and modify home-care technique. When is it not appropriate to polish first? An initial therapy patient who requires quadrant scaling with anesthesia would not be a candidate for polishing first. Polish coronal surfaces Take x -rays Various ortho functions Various Direct supervision and Approved program and exam Approved program and exam Dental Auxiliary NEBRASKA Indirect supervision, approved Dental Assistants Take x -rays, coronal polishing, monitor nitrous oxide, place amalgam program & 1-year experience as a DA. Coronal / cosmetic polishing - This type of polishing removes the plaque and superficial dental stains. Sensitive Teeth
I supervised and provided feedback, then gave her privacy to complete the task. Although benign in the majority of patients, the natural course of the disease may result in significant disturbance of body morphology, reduced thoracic volume, impaired respiration, increased rates of back pain, and serious . Click here for the Dental Hygiene Program Advisory Committee, Sinclair Community College
You are interested in working in the dental field. Flemmig et al. Upon completion of this short-term certificate the graduate will be eligible to sit for the Ohio CDA examination. Currently, the most commonly used tool for tooth polishing is prophy angle. Mone R, Dcaillet F, Anderson E, Mombelli A., Subgingival plaque removal using a new air-polishing device. Part 2 of 3. She can be contacted at catblue@aol.com, or visit her Web site at dentalinspirations.org. ", Adam replies, "Only a small handful of patients have medical conditions that make this type of polishing procedure inadvisable. Cheryl A. Thomas, RDH, currently resides in Galveston, Texas. Polishing paste, prophylactic paste, usually containing fluoride, is used with the rubber cups for polishing. Results indicated that all powders studied were equally effective in removing plaque/biofilms on titanium surfaces. One laboratory project obtained the data shown here for glucose transport. The bioactive glass polishing agent requires less powder per treatment because it is a dense powder that when applied to the tooth surface stays in place. - before placement of a sealant. You have a respiratory or infectious condition that may be irritated by the aerosol spray involved in polishing. 312-440-4653 | 800-621-8099 x4653, Download the PDF version Dental Health Sciences Dental Hygience Self Study 2020. 9. In addition, it's important that guidelines be updated to keep up with the latest research. Familiarity with aerosol shield reduction devices or the difference between air polishing powders is paramount. A substance containing chemical agents or abrasive particles and applied to smooth or shine a surface: shoe polish. These supragingival plaque biofilms, however, were artificially collected after a period of 48 hours and they are different from subgingival calculus that is permeated with crystals of various calcium phosphates. Prepare teeth for various dental procedures.ONE IMPORTANAT POINT is that coronal polishing is not a substitute for dental prophylaxis. It is challenging to read every professional journal and keep up with all of the latest information available. I discovered that this is a wonderful way to evaluate home care, show them where they are missing (without a bunch of red or purple stuff!) [Glucose]outside(mM)RateofGlucoseEntry(M/min)0.5121.0192.0273.0324.035\begin{matrix} \ {[Glucose]_{outside}(mM)} & \ {Rate \ of \ Glucose \ Entry (\mu M / min)}\\ \text{0.5} & \text{12}\\ \text{1.0} & \text{19}\\ \text{2.0} & \text{27}\\ \text{3.0} & \text{32}\\ \text{4.0} & \text{35}\\ \end{matrix} 1. characteristics of abrasives used for polishing; 2. aerosol production during polishing; 3. effects of heat production during polishing; 4. The patient also perceives a shorter appointment time. Register, Volume 40, Number 50, December 11, 2015, TexReg, Texas Rohleder PV, Slim LH. Describe an industrial method for preparing each of the halogens. Courtesy of KHN (Makris Music Society; Boja Kragulj), Dental device purported to fix jaws results in wrecked teeth, allege patients, Medical History Mysteries: Benzodiazepines vs. barbiturates: What to know before you prescribe, 162063215 Sergey Chuyko | Dreamstime.com, Dentists top 5 financial mistakes (and how to avoid them), 66404851 Iakov Filimonov | Dreamstime.com, In brief: Why toothpaste flavor matters; Senate concerned about HCW shortage. External cervical resorption associated with intracoronal bleaching is a serious sequela that has been reported in the literature. Intrinsic stain. Other points for polishing first: Regardless of the abrasive used, there was some variation in root defects generated by different devices and the glycine-based powder produced the least amount of root damage. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician or other qualified healthcare provider. The air polishing system required less time to remove biofilm and extrinsic stain and was reported to be the most effective method for removal of extrinsic stains. Esther Wilkins reports in her textbook a disadvantage to polishing after scaling. [1] There are also various flavours of prophylactic paste available. Therefore, it has the potential to facilitate regeneration. Glycine-based powder is being promoted as less abrasive than bicarbonate-based powder, and some evidence supports this claim.5 Salerno et al. https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/4000114/. Health Science is concerned with the development of knowledge and programs related to oral health and well-being. In fact, polishing only the crown portion of your teeth is sometimes called cosmetic polishing, according to an article published in the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology (JISP). Patients with respiratory and infectious diseases,as polishing creates aerosols. This proves to me again and again that patients cannot go it alone. Microbiologic samples were taken and total bacterial counts and counts of six periodontal pathogens were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. When I see Wendy at continuing education events, I tell her what an influence she has had on me, and what I have learned about polishing first. No case of emphysema has been reported after instrumentation subgingivally with the device that delivers the glycine-based powder subgingivally. evaluated the effect of different types of air-abrasive powders in an air-flow system on the removal of nonmineralized plaque/biofilms collected in vivo on rough-. Coronal Polishing for Dental Assistants Spring 2023 Description This course is designed to meet the requirements of the State of Nebraska to allow dental assistants to perform coronal polishing under the direct supervision of a licensed practicing dentist. To provide a dynamic learning environment that facilitates diverse educational opportunities reflective of current theory and practice in the preparation of entry-level dental hygienists. The program in Dental Hygiene at Sinclair Community College is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and has been granted the accreditation status of Approval (without reporting requirements). J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35 (Supp. 20. The open enrollment courses may be taken prior to entry into the limited enrollment courses. Desensitize with new polishing pastes that are more logically applied prior to scaling. All rights reserved. 13. "Of course, I also make sure I wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, glasses, and a face mask while treating my patients. Seat the patient and and him or her with a waterproof napkin. Purpose: To investigate value of CT colonography (CTC) in the follow-up after acute complicated diverticulitis to evaluate best therapeutic approach. I will say, You can be sure that all that gritty stuff will be rinsed out of your mouth by the time treatment is complete.. Ha ha ha! Coronal polishing does not remove calculus. Yeah, we know. In 2003, a small (N=23) patient randomized clinical controlled trial was designed to test the efficacy of glycine-based powder air polishing (GPAP) in subgingival plaque/biofilm removal at interdental sites during periodontal maintenance. You are looking to gain hands-on, practical experience while gaining a valuable education. You have acrylic veneers or restorations that are gold or porcelain. Placement of dental dam. Oral examination, charting, medical and dental histories, sterilization, lab, and infection control procedures are emphasized. New dental hygiene graduates ask me how they can address the challenge of time management when they get into practice. 12. What is the current in each strand? Influence of air-polishing devices and abrasives on root dentin an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscope study. Now that she understands firsthand the benefits of polishing first, we have gotten brave enough to present the idea in the educational setting, and encourage students to think outside the box and use a critical-thinking process to decide when it is appropriate to polish first. One explanation given for this phenomenon is that it results from You have three opportunities to successfully take the TEAS. In addition, clinicians have also mentioned that the polishing molecules are so small that very little powder is needed. [Glucose]outside(mM)0.51.02.03.04.0RateofGlucoseEntry(M/min)1219273235, The kinetics of glucose transport through the membrane follows the Michaelis-Menten equation: V0=Vmax[glucose]Kt+[glucose]V_{0}=\frac{V_{\max }[\text { glucose }]}{K_{t}+[\text { glucose }]}V0=Kt+[glucose]Vmax[glucose], V0V_0V0 = rate of glucose entry. I may elect to selectively polish certain areas as I move through the dentition (I still scale/debride by sextant). Note: For students under age 18 there may be restrictions on participating in certain Health Sciences programs. Claire has a masters in administration from Boston University and her dental hygiene degree from Forsyth School of Dental Hygiene in Boston. For example, the ADHA position paper on air polishing lists renal disease as a contraindication. By polishing first on a gingivitis patient who requires only one scaling appointment, or polishing the previously scaled quadrant on a patient who requires multiple appointments for periodontal scaling and root planing, you avoid embedding particles that are out of reach from rinsing. 10, No.9, copyright 1997 by the American Dental Hygienists' Association, http://www.osap.org/?page=Issues_DUWL_7&hhSearchTerms=polish. Patient Preparation Check the patient's medical history for any contraindications to the coronal polishing procedure. You need to remove residue from temporary cements. The Commission is a specialized accrediting body recognized by the United States Department of Education. Some prophylactic pastes contain fluoride to aid in the remineralization of the enamel surface and others help reduce dentinal sensitivity. Have a wonderful time polishing! Registered dental hygienists work in private dental offices, public health settings, and in higher education. Shorten appointment time/scaling time. Salerno M, Giacomelli L, Derchi G, Patra N, Diaspro A. The sodium phosphosilicate polishing agent has no salty taste, no sodium contraindications, and there isn't any stinging or irritation of soft tissue. While coronal polishing is sometimes part of a routine dental cleaning, it is not a replacement for regular oral prophylaxis, which removes all plaque and calculus. [1][2] Tooth polishing has little therapeutic value and is usually done as a cosmetic procedure after debridement and before fluoride application. As with all procedures we perform, however, it is imperative that we resist a "cookie cutter" approach to guidelines. This randomized, split-mouth clinical trial compared GPAP to conventional curette/ultrasonic debridement in 50 subjects. Ask the patient to remove any dental prosthetic appliances he or she may be wearing. Dent Hyg 1981: 53(9). The judgment made by a dental assistant when polishing teeth can directly affect a patients oral health. When adapting the rubber cup, angle to flare at the gingival margin to reach the distal, facial, lingual, and mesial surfaces, and maintain this by rotating the handpiece. The glycine-based powder product produced the smallest defect depth and volume loss. Approval of coronal polishing courses . Terri Tillis, RDH, discussed in her course at a recent RDH Under One Roof that intact enamel is harder than the particles in toothpastes. Surface roughness is a factor affecting plaque/biofilm adhesion on dental surfaces in vivo. Indications. It is a flag that should prompt us to consult with the patient's nephrologists and/or the patient's renal dietitian to determine acceptable sodium exposure. First, your dentist or dental hygienist removes all plaque, calculus and soft deposits above and below your gumline, as the textbook Essentials of Dental Assisting explains. Part 3 of 3, Untreated periodontitis and COVID-19: What is the evidence? Untreated perio and COVID-19: What is the evidence? 17. Results showed that GPAP for five seconds per surface was effective in removing most of the subgingival plaque/ biofilm with an anatomic probing depth of 2 mm to 3 mm. I would like to present the idea that it is indeed therapeutic. It integrates a rubber cup into a high torque gear, which can be plugged into a low speed handpiece and drive rubber cup to polish teeth. With this you put something back (to take away the guilt of perhaps removing a micron or so of enamel). Bristle brushes are used in the prophylaxis angle with a polishing paste. Coronal polishing is a procedure used to remove stain and plaque from the enamel surfaces of the teeth, after the removal of hard deposits such as calculus from the tooth surfaces. The board may, upon its own motion or upon request of any interested person, approve a course of instruction . Remove supragingival dental biofilm and stain. If the lesions are small or are located in an area that . Newly Erupted Teeth
Texas Administrative Code (a) "Coronal polishing" means the removal of plaque and extrinsic stain from exposed natural and restored tooth surfaces using an appropriate rotary instrument with rubber cup or brush and polishing agent. Claire was invited on various podcasts to speak about memory techniques and learning efficacy, topics she also promotes through articles, speeches, e-books, and blogs. Alternatives to rubber cup polishing. This is why, if extra polishing is necessary, it should be done with the least abrasive paste, using the proper technique, pressure and speed.