Alcohol affects men and women differently. - vitamins, Most of the fats in food are in the form of d. alcohol? It has six carbons. Pace yourself by alternating one glass of water for every drink - contain both the germ and bran of whole grains d. All of the above, A popular wine commercial shows a group of women in a bar laughing and having a good time. According to estimates, binge drinking accounts for 77% of the expense of excessive alcohol use in the United States, and the majority of binge drinkers are not alcohol dependent. A.It is caused by a shift in water balance in the body. - incomplete, Meats, fish, poultry, and eggs are sources of ____ protein - they support and cushion your organs Alcohol content, which can be found on the label, is expressed as a percent. fetus. - fats a. John a. - fruits and honey, When John doesn't eat enough carbohydrates to satisfy his body's need, where will his body get the needed carbohydrates? d. All of the above, Which of the following is a key sign of alcohol poisoning? After drinking, coffee or a cold shower will lower your BAC. b. Assumptions e. Alcohol consumed in the first trimester is not harmful to the Which of the following statements is true? Watch their drink being poured examples of unfair discrimination and fair discrimination . e. Alcohol consumed in the first trimester. - slice of whole-grain bread, Chapter 10 Quiz: Exercise for Health and Fitn, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Ann Ehrlich, Carol L Schroeder, Katrina A Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich. Binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, or moderate drinking? - 1 and 1/2 ounces of cheese, The recommended daily intake of protein is ____ of total daily calories The most severe impact caused by the intake of alcohol occurs during the first two months of pregnancy. The correct option is B. A.Alcohol can be absorbed throughout the entire gastrointestinal system. Which of the following should she choose? - plant food sources and are solid at room temperature The statement that is true about blood alcohol concentration is: A. - essential it does not contain cancer-causing substances. both a H-bond donor and acceptor and will H-bond with A major reason why drinking can be especially dangerous for young people is because: a. a. Which of the following statements is NOT true about glucose ? Many societal problems are directly related to alcohol, such as domestic violence and child neglect. Young drivers are less affected by alcohol than other drivers.C. only an H bond acceptor and will not H-bond with itself. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. C.It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant. b. are more likely to be be responsible drinkers as they get older. b. Thus, the correct answer is Option B. These disabilities are known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Select the statement that best completes the following sentence: "Teens who start drinking alcohol early", a. are more likely to have issues with alcohol addiction as they get older. - monounsaturated fats - they tend to be lower in saturated fat and liquid at room temperature, A by-product of hydrogenation is a. are more likely to have issues with alcohol addiction as they get older. - canola oil a. - vitamin D Take away their keys Risk for developing lung cancer varies among smokers due to all of the following EXCEPT. B.It is caused by increased production hydrochloric acid. D.It is caused by toxic forms of alcohol known as congeners. - riboflavin, High dosages of vitamin A are toxic and associated with an increased risk of We'll bring you back here when you are done. Which of the following statements about alcohol is true? - primary John, who is of legal age, is at a party. Alcohol and tobacco result in more deaths each year than all illicit drugs combined. All of the above During withdrawals, alcohol causes the rise of which neurotransmitter? We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. - glass of milk - incomplete, Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein? About 40 to 45 percent of adults who drink are considered heavy drinkers. The depressant effects of alcohol become apparent at a blood alcohol concentration of, After a night of heavy drinking, John still appears sober while his friends are obviously intoxicated. d. All of the above, Which of the following are ways that some alcohol advertisements target men? - hot dogs and lunch meats, Which of the following does NOT contain mostly monounsaturated fatty acids? Maybe a few drinks will reduce his stress. Select the reason that best describes why Waleed feels this way. c. Drinking alcohol can help teens get rid of social anxiety and help them make more friends, a. Determine the drag force on a red blood cell with a radius of 1.0105m1.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{m}1.0105m and moving through 20C20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}20C water at speed 1.0105m/s1.0 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}1.0105m/s. Option B. You have created 2 folders. - 15 Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. - vitamin E b. the healthy consequences of drinking It has four chiral centers. However, those with alcohol addiction may not necessarily have the greatest influence on these numbers. a. They tend to absorb alcohol more quickly than adults b. - saturated and trans fat Alcohol reduces stress - fyllium, The recommended daily amount of fiber for men is _____ grams It can make a person feel more relaxed, social, and outgoing in a group only an H-bond acceptor and will H-bond with itself. B.ethnic and minority groups through sponsorship of community events. __________________ is a type of flavonoid found in red wine. C. Before alcohol is metabolized in the body, it is an active brain drug and a cellular toxin. What are the advantages and disadvantages of media and technology to our health? Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. - tend to be much lower in fiber and vitamins than their unrefined counterparts It has four secondary alcohol groups. Consumption during the first eight weeks is relatively harmless because of the small size of the embryo. a. d. It depends on the type of alcohol. - 3 oz. Choose an answer: A. b. b. The following is NOT true about smokeless tobacco: B.Dental problems are common among smokeless tobacco users. Difficulty breathing b. College binge drinking has become rampant over the Paschall, M. J., & Saltz, R. F. When refusing you should: - orange a. Alcohol is a cellular toxin and is an active brain drug, which enhances the effects of neurotransmitters known as GABA. Files Needed :: DownRunner.java RayDown.java Lab Goal : This lab was designed to teach you more about processing arrays Give book review on the Book "Creation, Evolution and Intelligent Design by Ken Ham, Hugh Ross and Deborah Haarsma, giv Abby Company has 150,000, $50 par, 5% preferred shares of stock outstanding and 250,000 shares of common stock. Alcoholic ________ disease stages include: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. d. Both A and C, Which of the following is the best way to say no to a drink? Which of the following statements is true about isopropyl Children with FASDs might have the following characteristics and behaviors: Polysubstance Use in Pregnancy Use of multiple substances in pregnancy is common Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip (this ridge is called the philtrum) She denies any back or neck pain b 6 WEEKS POST-GRADUATION: Pass NCLEX: Attain employment: 6 MONTHS POST-GRADUATION: What is your professional goal? Showing men at sports events A man, who usually only drinks at important family gatherings, consumes 7 beers in an evening during a hunting trip. b. b. control muscular movement a. D.Female college students' alcohol consumption is now close to that of male college students. c. Give them water and coffee to sober up What is the difference? c. How many friends they have who can be the designated driver c. Alcohol is a stimulant, because people do foolish things while under its influence. - plant food sources and are liquid at room temperature TRUE b. - palm oil, All of the following contain mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids, EXCEPT - vitamins are best taken in the form of vitamin supplements, vitamins are important in the maintenance of the immune system, Which of the following vitamins acts as an antioxidant? - monounsaturated fat - fats a. call ahead for a taxi to pick up you or your friends True or False: Most high school students do not drink often. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. _________________ increases when alcohol consumption exceeds the rate of metabolism of the alcohol by the liver. of meat Which of the following is CORRECT concerning alcohol production? a "mocktail" such as cranberry juice and seltzer water. - vitamin C Free and unlimited practice tests questions and answers. Draw the Lewis dot structure of the ClO4\text{ClO}_4^-ClO4 anion. - cholesterol content How much they think other teens are drinking Who should drive them home? 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. c. "Drinking is stupid." - eggs The higher the level of the enzyme dehydrogenate in the body, the faster one becomes intoxicated. Alcohol affects sleep cycle Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. a. Q: Which of the following statements is correct regarding intoxication of alcohol? Alcohol effect the society Many societal problems are directly related to alcohol, such as domestic violence and child neglect. D.men through ads implying masculinity and ruggedness. d. All of the above, True or False: Drinking stimulants like coffee is a good strategy to reduce your BAC. Create a poster slogan regarding communicable disease prevention , Please answer and follow the directions in the photo below! Select the statement that best supports his decision. This article goes into detail about alcohol on college campuses. d. Alcohol advertisements often show the negative side of drinking, a. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. a. D.Smoking rates among women are similar across all races and ethnicities. b. Question options: True False 1 ) True d. All of the above, Which of the following statements best describes the effects of alcohol: - safflower No matter how many times they tell him that they don't drink, he is unconvinced. You correctly answered: False, A parent is convinced his teenage children are drinking each time they hang out with their friends. Which of the following statements about college drinking is true? - food fats containing large amounts of saturated fatty acids are usually solid at room temperature The media depicts alcohol as a stress reliever, Which of the following statements is true? Bidis are becoming increasingly popular because they are viewed as safer than regular cigarettes. Binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, or moderate drinking? Movies - 35 Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Which of the following statement s is true about blood alcohol levels? b. - hydrosaturated, Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding fats? - polyunsaturated fat b. itself. b. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. It doesn't help your body process alcohol . a. both a H-bond donor and acceptor and but will not H-bond with d. All of the above, When a person blacks out, their hippocampus is unable to: thinning the plaque in the major blood vessels, The effects of alcohol are different for women and men because. 0.6 ounces D. Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented. c. Be concise and firm b. c. they don't have a lot of fun c. Family Background a. record new memories a. Although the majority of With more time on their hands and often away from home, students may feel less responsibility in college. b. a. Portraying women as confident and powerful - whole grains A new and growing area of computer science is ubiquitous computing, in which a number of computers automatically provide services for a user without that users knowledge or awareness. - whole milk and cheese d. Either; buzzed driving is not drunk driving, : True or False: Drinking light beer only will help you stay safe while drinking. d. - they are primarily found in palm and coconut oils D. - secondary A chemical test for BAC is needed for an alcohol conviction. - grains and legumes Alcohol content, which can be found on the label, is expressed as a percent. Jeff has been drinking a lot over the past few months, including frequent binges. Disturbed sleep b. healthy or pinkish color using google as your search engine, locate the following information about your target organization and records in your Special Professional Morality and the Duty of Veracity Joseph S. Ellin When we reflect on the duties a fiduciary relatio Regal Florists is a small, third-generation, family-owned flower shop in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. Food in the stomach slows the absorption of alcohol. a. a. c. Alcohol is a stimulant a. only an H-bond acceptor and will H-bond with itself. b. the decision-making process - unrefined whole-wheat flour d. Both A and B, Instead of getting in a car with someone who has drunk alcohol, one should: OR Certificate of Completion of Driver Education and Driver Training. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. - they lower the levels of high-density lipoproteins in the blood and increase one's risk of developing heart disease, In order to determine the presence of trans fat in given product, consumers should check the label for ( will mark Brainliest + 20p). Q. Alcohol is a hallucinogen, because it makes people believe things that are not true. It has one ketone group. d. Drinking coffee to sober up, If someone is buzzed or drunk, and wants to drive, you should: Create a poster slogan regarding communicable disease prevention , Please answer and follow the directions in the photo below! - partially hydrogenated oils Alcohol use may get in the way of important goals, like working hard for good grades, taking care of your health, or making the sports team, When teens start drinking early: d. All of the above, To keep track of how much they're drinking, people should: - a reduced risk of diabetes Which of the following statements about alcohol is true? Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Alcohol limits oxygen delivery to the fetus. - vitamins are required by the body in large amounts - take longer to digest than unrefined carbohydrates - white flour a. b. C.Few students experience negative consequences as a result of alcohol consumption. Drinking light beers only Which of the following statements is true about isopropyl d. regulate their blood pressure, Communal sources of alcohol, like punch bowls, can contain: - oatmeal An administrative assistant misses his morning train to work several times per week for 2 months after staying out late drinking with friends. Alcohol advertisements caution people against drinking too much c. Alcohol advertisements set realistic expectations about the experience of drinking - they form important components of blood and some hormones b. Alcohol use may get in the way of important goals, like working hard for good grades, taking care of your health, or making the sports team c. Most glasses hold more than one standard drink. d. All of the above, Many teens choose not to drink because: There is a strong scientific evidence that drinking alcohol increases the risk for cancer, including cancers of the mouth and throat, liver, breast (in women) and colon and rectum, and for some types of cancer, the risk increases even at low levels of alcohol consumption (less than 1 drink in a day).The evidence indicates that the more alcohol a person drinks, the higher his or her risk of . b. - vitamins provide direct energy to the body women have lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase than men. It may have many different types of alcohols mixed in. moderate drinking Choose the correct statements about alcohol absorption and metabolism: Food in the stomach slows the absorption of alcohol. a. - vitamin C koreaski swka (czasowniki i przymiotniki), Nutrition and Diet Therapy BOIL-1322 Exam 4, Chapter 10: Weight Management and Energy Bala, Substance use disorder & personality disorder, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. C. About 25 to 30 percent of adults call themselves abstainers. Women who drink alcohol have more friends and more fun A.Three-quarters of college students are classified as heavy episodic drinkers. He needs to stay focused and get a lot of rest. He's excited and nervous, and is having trouble falling asleep. - fructose - they are found naturally in fruits and milk - provide texture and flavor to foods Dependency on alcohol leads to alcoholism. d. Both A and C. Imagine someone is at their best friend's house, and one of their older friends offers you a beer. Alcohol affects men and women differently Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 40 b. - vitamins, Which of the following foods is NOT considered a simple carbohydrate? A. Correct answers: 3 question: Which of the following statements about long-term alcohol use is TRUE? How many kilocalories did he consume? - dietary fiber Alcohol affects teenagers and adults in different ways, John and Jane are both 22, and both weigh 140 pounds. c. they can lose out on getting better grades and compromise their health TRUE - vitamin B and biotin, Probably the best-known deficiency disease, caused by lack of vitamin C in the diet, is He feels safer drinking the beer he brought. Even though there's a punch bowl of a mixed drink, he only drinks the beer that he brought himself. b. D.It does not contain cancer-causing substances. Alcohol limits oxygen delivery to the fetus. c. Scientists are. - minerals, The liver and muscles store carbohydrates in the form of sufferers sometimes show no symptoms until a fatal heart attack Completing each sentence with a word or phrase. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. How are teens' perception of risk behaviors influenced by what they believe others are doing? Smoking rates for women are approximately 25% less than the smoking rates for men. A good option instead of an alcoholic drink is __________. Advertisers don't show the negative side of drinking. It's generally not a good idea to drink from communal sources at a party, like a punch bowl, because: b. If you are 15 to 17 years of age, you will need to provide a: Certificate of Completion of Driver Education. d. Stay home and stay sober. - chicken When a pregnant woman drinks, the baby. Alcohol tolerance occurs when the brain becomes ________ to alcohol. All of the following are smoking cessation medications EXCEPT. The health benefits of alcohol are largely seen in people after middle age and not in younger people, Flavonoids found in red wine increase the heart's ability to distribute blood throughout the body. - potato - sucrose, Which of the following macronutrient distributions is consistent with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges set by the Food and Nutrient Board? fetal development. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Which of the following statements is true of alcohol? dehydrated Maria a. The truth: Coffee contains caffeine, a stimulant which can make you feel more alert and awake. A. ETS has fewer carcinogens, tar, and nicotine than mainstream smoke. Teens should start drinking early so they can build up a tolerance for alcohol and drink responsibly in the future c. Get a drink but make it non-alcoholic Which of the following is true about standard drinks? - monounsaturated c. It has no effect, What are some strategies to use to stay safe while drinking? - secondary Where might the parent have gotten these ideas about teen drinking from? a. Which of the following statements is NOT true about alcohol? Get ready for your permit test today! Which effect does carbon monoxide have on the body? - monounsaturated fats, Which of the following would be an effect of consuming omega-3 fatty acids? But I'm not 21 yet. A woman in the first stage of alcoholic liver disease continues to have a few drinks every night before going to bed, Binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, or moderate drinking? a. they can build up their tolerance and prepare to be responsible drinkers The blood alcohol content (BAC) threshold at which a person is considered legally impaired to drive varies between countries and within the United States by state. - carbohydrate content, A good source of omega-3 fatty acids is Which of the following statements about drinking alcohol and driving is true? 1. Women are more likely to feel alcohol effects than men because women have less alcohol dehydrogenase and less body water than men. True or False: alcohol affects men and women in the same way. False, Many people think that they can handle the stress in their life better once they have a few drinks because: Alcohol can negatively affect his sleep cycle, and he may make poor decisions. Wine is made through a distillation process of collected vapors Explanation A breathalyzer is a chemical test to determine a person's BAC. Luke refuses the drink. alcohol on fetal development? a. a. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alcohol poisoning? Alcohol limits oxygen delivery to the fetus. All Rights Reserved. John consumed a large margarita that contained 14 grams of carbohydrate and 24 grams of alcohol. It is likely that John has developed, The toxic chemical by-product of alcohol metabolism that causes nausea and vomiting is called, When women drink alcohol during pregnancy, they can cause significant brain damage and other impairments in the fetus; this condition is known as, The reduction in alcohol-related driving fatalities since the 1980s is due to. - olive oil c. Alcohol enhances placental transport of nutrients and aids fetal development. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. d. Stay home and stay sober. Donec aliquet. - 18 - proteins "No thanks, maybe later." - 30 percent of daily calories as protein, 35 percent of daily calories as carbohydrate, 35 percent of daily calories as fat If under 21, it is illegal to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in one's blood system - peanut oil The media depicts alcohol as a stress reliever b. Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. About 90 percent of adults drink alcohol. a. a. B. - beans Stress B. When someone vomits from drinking too much d. All of the above, c. they can lose out on getting better grades and compromise their health, Research shows that more than 50% of incoming college students haven't had a drink in two weeks. C.ETS is responsible for more lung cancer deaths than heart disease deaths annually. - 38 a. Which of the following is true about environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)? Both will have the same BAC - niacin and vitamin K - spinach - avocado c. Showing images of friendship and relaxation Excessive drinking is a huge problem when it comes to drinking; it includes binge drinking, heavy drinking, drinking by pregnant women and underage drinking. Also, it indicates that about one in eight full-time college students (13%) reported having 10 or more drinks in a row at least once in the prior two weeks, About 80% of college students use or abuse alcohol, only because alcohol is the most. Alcohol destroys brain tissue leading to permanent brain damage. Blood alcohol concentration is affected by factors such as body size and gender. Teens can drink legally if alcohol was given to them by an adult. d. I wish I could. Whose BAC will be higher? The alcohol-induced euphoric state occurs Who, among the following persons who all weigh the same and have the same height, is more likely to feel the effects of 5 beers? Driving Ed Online offers DMV approved Drivers Education, Graduated Driver licensing and Driver Training courses which meet all the state DMV driver ed requirements for teenagers who want to get their learners permit and drivers license through Virtual Driving Online. Neither; someone sober should drive b. b. d. All of the above, Zasha drove herself and her friend Kiara to a party. His friends are concerned that this behavior puts him at risk for a condition that involves a potentially lethal blood alcohol concentration. c. Luke refused the drink because he didn't believe that it would taste good. a. a. Get an alcoholic drink but pretend to drink it Which of the following is true with respect to women and smoking? d. They want people to rely on their own beliefs about drinking, c. They portray drinking as a social, fun activity, Select the statement that best completes the following sentence: "Advertisements for alcohol often DO NOT portray." a. Peer Pressure c. Jane, Which of the following is a key factor that influences Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)? - vitamin E Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laore. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Drinking water between alcoholic beverages will slow the rate of intoxication. What percentage of Americans abstain from drinking alcohol? Over 88,000 individuals die each year from alcohol-related causes in the United States, while 13.9% of persons will satisfy the criteria for severe alcohol use disorder throughout their lifetimes. - hamburger Introducing Cram Folders! Alcohol is also excreted unchanged through urine, sweat, tears, and saliva.Body temperature causes some alcohol to evaporate from the blood and enter the lungs, and from there it is eliminated through the breath. - viscous fiber, Fiber can help What is a mutator function? - they tend to be higher in saturated fat B.The majority of college students drink alcohol on a daily basis. answer choices. A. Women have about 20 to 30%% more alcohol dehydrogenase in their stomachs than men. - 25 percent Write a 5-step velocity vector problem that will get you to this point. Learners permit practice test prep includes traffic signs and signals questions almost identical to the real test. c. Avoid communal sources like a punch bowl - night blindness, The best source of vitamin C is a(n) Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Does Binge Drinking Affected College Life? Most customers are A 43 YO female patient presents to the ED to "get checked out after a low speed MVC". - cotton seed oil, Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding vegetable oils that have been hydrogenated? The correct answer would be (A) that is alcohol consumption during pregnancy can limit the oxygen delivery to fetus. - anemia - it is not an essential nutrient - it supplies 7 calories of energy per gram - it plays an important role in supplying necessary enzymes - Alcohol is not an essential nutrient, and it supplies 7 calories of energy per gram - None of these statements is true You must travel in at least three directions before you get to your end point. B.The majority of college students drink alcohol on a daily basis. Which of the following statements is true? only an H-bond donor and will H-bond with itself. It is produced by the fermentation of grains, fruits, and other substances. - functional fiber B.Almost 80 percent of alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine. b. - vitamin B Alcohol is a contributing factor to many of society's problems, such as budget deficits and healthcare costs. b. They set realistic expectations about what happens when people drink This Show transcribed image text Expert Answer 1st step zero tolerance laws and increased drinking age. ________ drinking is considered to be consumption of 5 or more alcoholic drinks by men, or 4 or more drinks by women, in a very short time. For the correct statement that is true are all statements are correct except D would. - animal food sources and are liquid at room temperature Poor decisions According to recent research, which of the following statements is true? c. How they think they will feel if they drink b. Extremophile. b. - cheese, Martha is a vegetarian and wants to eat a source of complete protein. c. the economic cost of drinking b. - complete The majority of crimes are caused by alcohol use . Television d. All of the above, What are the risk factors associated with drinking from a communal source of alcohol like a punchbowl? - winter squash, _______ is often added to cereals or used in fiber supplements and laxatives, improves intestinal health, and also helps control glucose and cholesterol levels. d. All of the above, What factors may encourage a teen to start drinking early? b. Question: Which of the following statements concerning consumption of alcohol by women during pregnancy is true? - vitamin C and vitamin D CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. View Feedback 2.5 / 2.5 points True or False. At a party, a stranger hands Luke a cup full of a mystery drink. c. John doesn't know what exactly is in the punch or mixed drinks. Which of the following is NOT true about alcohol absorption? EXPLANATION: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is especially dangerous because sufferers sometimes show no symptomsuntil, suddenly, a heart attack occurs, which is especially likely to be fatal because it is unexpected.When symptoms of alcoholic cardiomyopathy do exhibit themselves, they typically include body swelling, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, fatigue, lack of concentration, and irregular heartbeat. - they inhibit inflammation - prevent constipation by increasing fecal bulk and manage diabetes by slowing the movement of glucose into the blood, All of the following are good sources of fiber, EXCEPT How much fun they think others are having Moderate consumption for females would consist of one ____________________ daily. Alcohol cannot cross the placenta. Call a trusted adult or parent Generally speaking, the higher your blood alcohol concentration, the higher you drink. a. - rice and beans c. Pacing yourself while drinking Ask what's in their drink Blood alcohol concentration refers to the percentage present in a person's bloodstream.