For example, specific smells can cause specific emotional responses for some people. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. C. an introvert. declarative memory. One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: a. What word did you come up with? A. Implicit memories can influence observable behaviors as well as cognitive tasks. Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? Since then, Tulving and others have reformulated the theory, and currently scientists believe that episodic memory is memory about happenings in particular places at particular timesthe what, where, and when of an event (Tulving, 2002). involves being receptive to other ways of looking at things. D. come in different forms. d. means-end analysis. b. Then, you step into the elevator and turn around to face the doors, looking for the correct button to push. C. an adult who was born with Down syndrome and lives in a group home because of cognitive deficits a. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. It involves bottom-up processing. ________ is the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems. a. linguistic relativity hypothesis. d. They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. Exceptionally complex, cognition is an essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. c. divergent thinking. We recommend using a predict the behavior of a specific individual? Psychologists would most likely consider Malcom to be Work through this series of numbers using the recall exercise explained above to determine the longest string of digits that you can store. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. b. phoneme When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. She concludes that Drake might be a basketball player for his college team. Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to the monomer is exothermic or endothermic, based on the fact that at higher temperatures the yellow color of the solution intensifies. a. standardization. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. A. most scores are around the average score. a person's age at the time the memory is processed. For instance, some people really enjoy picnics. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. c. grammar b. like a photo negative of However, the activations do not spread in just one direction. Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. b. four A. indulge in fixations. Practical intelligence c. some sign language and many sounds. D. relying on the opinions of others. Which of the following is true of short-term memory? D. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" B. naturalist c. a memory of a favorite childhood book. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. Our powerful event schema dictates our behavior in the elevator, and it is no different with our phones. d. mechanical solution. This is only one facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. These thoughts are one example of cognition at work. A. Abductive reasoning The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. She enjoyed their company a great deal and was very impressed with how nice they were. And although hyperthymesia normally appears in adolescence, two children in the United States appear to have memories from well before their tenth birthdays. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). A. risk avoidance A. creative Storage is the retention of the encoded information. Some years ago, psychologists Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving (1975) conducted a series of experiments to find out. nondeclarative (implicit) memory. Current research suggests that it is the habit, or event schema, of checking our phones in many different situations that makes refraining from checking them while driving especially difficult (Bayer & Campbell, 2012). It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. a. the debate of sign language versus spoken language. _____ is an individual's level of intellectual development relative to that of others. He later realized he could have just held his cell phone under the seat to help illuminate the area. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. b. divergent thinking. D. hindsight bias, ________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. Explicit memory includes episodic and semantic memory. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect." b. In one particular case, he was asked to identify the number of morphemes in the word "rescuer." b. confirmation bias. B. using algorithms. Interestingly, event schemata can vary widely among different cultures and countries. d. processing speed. So if you face a situation where a decision needs to be made very quickly, you might be better off using a different problem-solving strategy. What are the most effective ways to ensure that important memories are well encoded? A. descriptive reasoning. b.(12,562).b.(2,438). Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. C. the child's IQ is deteriorating. They are motivated more externally than internally. B. a 12-year-old child with an IQ score of 55 who has grown up in a severely deprived environment and who struggles in school Which of the following is true with regard to development? involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. You may find yourself asking, How much information can our memory handle at once? To explore the capacity and duration of your short-term memory, have a partner read the strings of random numbers (Figure 8.5) out loud to you, beginning each string by saying, Ready? and ending each by saying, Recall, at which point you should try to write down the string of numbers from memory. Other concepts, like the characteristics of your ideal friend or your familys birthday traditions, are personal and individualized. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). B. Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the retention of information or experience over time? Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. d. validity. d. a. a mental set. Which of the following is true about overlapping subproblems? c. a picture-like image. b. be a good test. Question 2 20 seconds Q. Decomposition is a term used to define. b. a dictionary-like entry. Some common ones include: The upside of using an algorithm to solve a problem or make a decision is that yields the best possible answer every time. a. An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. a. Psychoanalysts By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. C. Selection bias When problem-solving, deciding which method to use depends on the need for either accuracy or speed. Creative intelligence A company uses a spreadsheet to prepare its statement of cash flows. d. do not communicate. Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: luxury picnic houston Post comments: jacob lowe weight loss pictures jacob lowe weight loss pictures "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. D. Egocentrism. c. Fetal alcohol syndrome 2018;44(1):24-33. doi:10.1037/xlm0000419. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. Research suggests that ________ affect the person's prototype for that category. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? Natural concepts The notes were sour because the seams split. refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage? D. Inductive reasoning, ________ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Kafka, Inc., estimates that it can generate $4,600 per year in additional cash inflows for the next five years if it modernizes its equipment at a cost of$15,000. Question 3. Q. A child with a mental age of 9 and a chronological age of 12 has an IQ of It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. Importantly for memory, activating any part of a semantic network also activates the concepts linked to that part to a lesser degree. The representativeness heuristic Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. A. heuristic Unless the knowledge in short term memory is retained by repetition or other such techniques, it has a very small capacity (7 items +/- 2) and a short period (max 30 seconds). What could have affected Genie's mentally? 30 seconds. Chances are good that it was "plate.". b. not important in measuring intelligence. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. C. They strive to evaluate their work subjectively. It is generally accepted that memories are organized in semantic (or associative) networks (Collins & Loftus, 1975). The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. c. theory of "private speech." If there is a smell that makes you feel positive and nostalgic, and you don't know where that response comes from, it is an implicit emotional response. A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? B. the availability heuristic. consent of Rice University. A test can fail in validity and still: You know what it looks like, smells like, tastes like, and feels like. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Event schemata like these are the reason why many habits are difficult to break once they have been acquired. C. inductive reasoning. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Participants remembered about 80% of the trigrams after a 3-second delay, but only 10% after a delay of 18 seconds, which caused them to conclude that short-term memory decayed in 18 seconds. In the course of prenatal development, by the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. b. a. Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. The process of myelination begins prenatally. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Which of the following is usually a trait of creative thinkers? When the solution to a problem suddenly comes to mind, it is called: which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem When an algorithm is part of a computer program, the process included in the algorithm is automated When an algorithm is used in a computer program, it allows the computer to perform a repetitive task d. actual tasks involving memory. D. The availability heuristic, Which of the following describes the trait of a critical thinker? The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. D. precision, ________ is a characteristic of good problem solvers. Multiple Choice Q19 citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. But if time is of the essence, then an algorithm is likely not the best choice. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology what was life like during the communist russia D. divergent thinking but not in convergent thinking. A(n) _____ is a strategy that guarantees a solution to a problem. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. where the event takes place. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". c. best measured by the Stanford-Binet IQ test. According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligence. Compare Points of View Should democracies take action to help prevent dictatorships? Find the percentage. answer choices. Natural concepts are created naturally through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. a. visual/spatial intelligence. Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? b. consciousness and intuition. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, C. 140 or above b. algorithm. B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem You may not be able to recall all of your classmates, but you recognize many of them based on their yearbook photos. b. use symbols; think The debate over whether animals use real language centers around: c. the representative heuristic. There are two components of long-term memory: explicit and implicit. Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. In simple words, a short term memory can be defined as memory structure in which the limited amount of processing takes place. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs must be met first? Mental sets C. Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. However, more contemporary research has found working memory capacity is 4 plus or minus 1 (Cowan, 2010). D. convergent thinking. A. creativity. c. Algorithms Answer the following statement (s) true (T) or false (F) in Computer Science & Information Technology. _____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. D. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. B. the process of identifying rare or unexpected items or events in a dataset that do not conform to other items in the dataset O mathematical formulas placed in software that performs an analysis on a dataset o extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical . Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? For example, you would use recall for an essay test. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. C. information-processing capacity. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. The human nervous system is capable of handling endless streams of information. Find and frame problems C. Develop good problem-solving strategies D. Rethink and redefine problems and solutions over time are vague and/or ill defined (p. 246-247) In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems _____. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. If, however, youve lived your whole life on the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, you may never have actually seen snow, much less tasted, smelled, or touched it. Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. According to linguist Noam Chomsky, a language acquisition device (or LAD): 9 to 11 OTHER QUIZLET SETS. C. 50 In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: They will always result in a correct solution, if there is a correct solution to be found. While often thought of purely as a mathematical term, the same type of process can be followed in psychology to find the correct answer when solving a problem or making a decision. Semantic memory is typically reported as facts. The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. Active rehearsal is a way of attending to information to move it from short-term to long-term memory. Creative people engage in Emotional intelligence Participants were given words along with questions about them. An algorithm is the process of breaking problems. A mechanical problem-solving technique is also referred to as: Did you think of jelly? Standardization Even though she looked much younger, how old was Genie? d. means-end analysis. A. speed and efficiency He has never been to any of Cooper's soccer games or met any of his friends. What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). c. confirmation bias. Which of the following is true of long-term memory? B. B. practical The higher one's degree of practical intelligence: The process is known as spreading activation (Collins & Loftus, 1975). B. the child's IQ is lower than average. b. scientific characteristics do View this video that explains short-term and long-term memory to learn more about how memories are stored and retrieved. Algorithms consist of a combination of sequences, selections, and/or . answer choices phenomenon that just happens reconstructive process way in which we receive information not important Question 2 30 seconds Q. The visual processing questions included such things as asking the participants about the font of the letters. a. intelligence. 10. Emotional intelligence When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed. In other instances, you might be able to follow different paths that will all lead to the same solution. The voyage wasn't delayed because the bottle shattered. B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Creative Commons Attribution License b. the representative heuristic. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. c. the exact same process as -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion -the functions of the reproductive system -sensory functions such as vision and hearing -excretory functions -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of lack of nurture, abusive parents, and bad memory. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Not all long-term memories are strong memories, and some memories can only be recalled using prompts. A. ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. Psychology is a social science that is rooted in the natural sciences, like history and philosophy. d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. C. functional fixedness. C. used an algorithm to solve her packing problem. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. Plate was primed by activating the semantic network. Think of it as the information you have displayed on your computer screen, such as a document, spreadsheet, or website. Malcom has an IQ of 140. Which of the following is true of concepts? Words that had been encoded semantically were better remembered than those encoded visually or acoustically. The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. D. algorithmic, According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, ________ intelligence predominantly involves the ability to design, invent, originate, and imagine. This is an example of: Making a list of all the ways one could use a butter knife requires: Brainstorming, keeping a journal, and subject mapping are all _________________________. b. language; social relationships D. deductive reasoning. Posted on 3. A. deductive thinking. B. ignore all the subgoals created by him during the problem-solving process. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. A. the availability heuristic Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. D. categorical thinking. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. Evaluate solutions B.
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